Nhật Bản đối ứng với sự xâm nhập của phương Tây giữa thế kỉ XIX

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Tác giả: Nguyễn Thị Quế Hường

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 320 Political science (Politics and government)

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Nghiên cứu nước ngoài 2022

Mô tả vật lý: 162-169

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 399220

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Nói đến Nhật Bản giai đoạn giữa thế kỷ thứ XIX thì có lẽ việc Nhật Bản "mở cửa" với phương Tây là sự kiện được chú ý hơn cả. Nó không chỉ bởi tính chất "bước ngoặt" của sự kiện lịch sử này đối với các giai đoạn phát triển của Nhật Bản về sau, mà bản thân sự "mở cửa" ấy còn mang ý nghĩa thời đại sâu sắc, khi nó đã phản ánh được một phần khuynh hướng phát triển của các quốc gia phương Đông lúc bấy giờ trước sức ép mạnh mẽ từ phương Tây đương thời. Từ việc đi sâu phân tích bối cảnh lịch sử dẫn đến quá trình "mở cửa" của Nhật Bản với phương Tây vào giữa thế kỷ XIX, nghiên cứu khẳng định thêm cơ sở thực tiễn và tính tất yếu của công cuộc mở cửa này. Thực tế cho thấy rằng, công cuộc "mở cửa" đã là "cú hích" đưa Nhật Bản phát triển vượt châu lục, trở thành nước tư bản đầu tiên ở Châu Á. Vậy các quốc gia châu Á đương thời khác đã đối ứng ra sao trước sự xâm nhập của phương Tây, có biến "thời cơ" thành "cú hích" phát triển như Nhật Bản hay không? Trả lời câu hỏi đó, dưới góc nhìn so sánh, bài viết đưa ra cách đối ứng với phương Tây của các quốc gia phương Đông khác, cụ thể đi sâu phân tích trường hợp của Việt Nam để đưa ra đánh giá cụ thể hơn cách đối ứng của hai nước. Việc so sánh này giúp đưa ra đánh giá đa chiều, khách quan và bài học kinh nghiệm đối với mỗi quốc gia trong quá trình tiếp thu văn hoá, văn minh từ bên ngoài từ những bài học cụ thể trong lịch sử., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, When it comes to Japan in the mid-nineteenth century, perhaps the fact that Japan "opened its door" to the West is the most noticeable event. The reason is not only because it was a turning point which affected other development stages afterwards but also because "opening door" itself had a profound historical influence in that it partly reflected the development trend ofEastern countries at that time in the face of intense pressure from the penetration ofWestern countries. From the in-depth analysis of the historical context attributing to the process of the open door policy ofJapan to the West in the mid-nineteenth century, this paper provides the "practical basis" and "inevitability" of this policy which later led to the Meiji restoration in Japan. In fact, this policy then was "a driving force" which resulted in the impressive development of Japan beyond its continent, making Japan the first capitalist country in Asia. This prompts the question: how did other Asian countries react to the Western penetration and did they manage to turn the "external opportunity" into "a driving force" like Japan? This paper aims to seek the answer to that question from a comparative perspective by clarifying the response of other Asian countries to the west. At the same time, this paper takes Vietnam as an example to compare with Japan. This comparison helps to give a multi-dimensional, objective evaluation as well as valuable lessons learned from the past for countries in the process of absorbing external culture and civilization.

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