Tình hình các giai tầng trong quá trình thống nhất nước Đức 1848-1871

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Tác giả: Nguyễn Mậu Hùng

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 320 Political science (Politics and government)

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Huế, 2020

Mô tả vật lý: 15-27

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 399688

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Liên bang Đức 1815-1866 là một tập hợp của các nhà nước độc lập và có chủ quyền riêng biệt. Sự tồn tại của các nhà nước này chính là nguồn gốc của vấn đề nước Đức thế kỷ XIX và đối tượng của quá trình thống nhất nước Đức 1848-1871. Tuy nhiên, thực tế cho thấy rằng các nhà nước này không phải của tất cả các thành viên cộng đồng. Chính xác hơn, đó là các công cụ chính trị của giới quý tộc phong kiến được dùng để cai trị cộng đồng các cư dân nói tiếng Đức ở Trung Âu và một giải pháp quốc tế của các cường quốc châu Âu tại Hội nghị Viên năm 1815 nhằm duy trì hòa bình và đảm bảo an ninh ở Trung Âu. Giới quý tộc phong kiến nói chung và các vương triều phong kiến nói riêng, vì thế, cũng chính là lực cản của quá trình tiến lên hiện đại của nước Đức giữa thế kỷ XIX. Trong hoàn cảnh như thế, thông thường giai cấp tư sản là người lãnh đạo quá trình hiện đại hoá dân tộc với sự ủng hộ hết mình của quần chúng lao khổ, nhưng ở nước Đức, đối tượng của vấn đề nước Đức cũng chính là chìa khoá của quá trình thống nhất nước này những năm 1848-1871, Tóm tắt tiếng anh, The German Confederation 1815-1866 was an assembly of independent and sovereign states. The existence of these states was the origin of the nineteenth-century German question and the object of the German Unification 1848-1871. However, reality shows that these states did not belong to all members of the communities. They were more exactly the political tools of the feudal nobility, employed to rule the German-speaking communities in Central Europe and an international solution of European powers at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to keep peace and security in Central Europe. The aristocracy, in general, and monarchies, in particular, were, therefore, also the hindrance of the modernization of Germany in the middle of the nineteenth century. In such circumstances, the bourgeoisie was normally the leader of the national modernization, like in the western countries, with the support of the people. However, in Germany, the object of the German question was also the key to the German unification 1848-1871.

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