Một số vấn đề về chọn cây trội và khảo nghiệm giống trong chọn giống cây rừng

0 Người đánh giá. Xếp hạng trung bình 0

Tác giả: Lê Đình Khả

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 634.9 Forestry

Thông tin xuất bản: Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn , 2022

Mô tả vật lý: 25 - 29

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 399777

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Tóm tắt
Chủ đề

Chọn cây trội và khảo nghiệm giống là những khâu quan trọng nhất trong các chương trình chọn giống cây rừng. Cây trội (Plus tree) hay cây ưu trội (Superior tree) là cây vượt trội so với các cây còn lại trong quần thể về các chỉ tiêu chọn giống. Chọn cây lấy gỗ hay cây lâm sản ngoài gỗ (LSNG), hoặc cây trồng rừng phòng hộ, đều cần tuân thủ những nguyên tắc cơ bản của chọn lọc cây trội
trong đó quan trọng nhất là chi tiêu chọn lọc chính được xác định theo mục tiêu của chương trình chọn giống, giá trị kiểu hình của cây trội phải có độ vượt so với trị số trung binh của quần thể ít nhất 1,5 lần độ lệch chuẩn. Khảo nghiệm giống thông qua khảo nghiệm hậu thế hoặc khảo nghiệm dòng vô tính để đánh giá chất lượng di truyền của cây trội đã chọn theo kiểu hình. Chọn cây trội, khảo nghiệm giống kết hợp với các phương thức nhân giống phù hợp với đặc điểm của từng loài cây và từng mục tiêu chọn giống, có thể tạo ra các rừng trồng có năng suất và chất lượng cao.Lâm nghiệp gia đình - nhân vô tính (Family forestry via vegetative multiplication) là phương thức trồngrừng bằng cây hom nhân từ cây hạt ở giai đoạn vườn ươm là hậu thế cây trội đã di truyền được các đặc tính mong muốn. Làm nghiệp - dòng vô tính (Clonal forestry) là phương thức trồng rừng bằng cây vô tính (Cây ghép, dây mô hặc cây hom) nhân từ cây ưu việt được xác định qua khảo nghiệm dòng vô tính., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Plus tree selection and field testing are the foremost important factors in any forest tree breeding program. Plus tree or superior tree are outstanding individuals selected on the basis of their breeding objective traits. Selecting plus trees (either for wood production, non-timber forest products or for protection forests must strictly follow the basic principles of plus tree selection and the most important one is to determine the main selecting traits based on objectives of the breeding program, and the phenotypic value of plus trees have to exceed the mean of the population under selection by at least 1.5 standard deviations. Field testing either by progeny or clonal tests is the next important activity to evaluate the genetic quality of the phenotypically selected plus trees. Appropriate breeding objectives for each species, plus tree selection and field testing integrated with proper and appropriate mass - propagation technologies are the basis for establishment of forest plantations with high productivity and quality. Family forestry via vegetative multiplication is the approach by which the seedlings raised from family seedlots collected from genetically tested plus trees are planted in the nursery as hedge ortets for producing rooted cuttings used as planting materials for plantation establishment. Clonal forestry is the approach by which vegetative planting materials (Grafted trees, rooted cuttings or plantlets) propagated from elite trees are determined by clonal test of plus tree.

Tạo bộ sưu tập với mã QR