Lợi thế so sánh của các ngành hàng xuất khẩu Việt Nam giai đoạn 2015

Lợi thế so sánh của các ngành hàng xuất khẩu Việt Nam giai đoạn 2015 - 2020

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Tác giả: Thị Thu Giang Lê, Thị Quỳnh Trâm Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 650 Management and auxiliary services

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Công thương 2022

Mô tả vật lý: 94-100

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 400106

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Tóm tắt
Chủ đề

Bài viết xác định một số ngành sản xuất của Việt Nam có lợi thế xuất khẩu (cụ thể là lợi thế so sánh) dựa vào việc tính toán các chỉ số đo lường lợi thế so sánh RCA (Revealed comparative advantage) và RSCA (Revealed symmetric comparative advantage) trong giai đoạn 2015 - 2020, theo mã hệ số trong hệ thống hài hòa thuế quan 2020 (gồm các mã 2 chữ số) dựa trên cơ sở dữ liệu của UN Comtrade. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, các ngành có lợi thế xuất khẩu không chỉ có các nhóm ngành mang thế mạnh truyền thống về may mặc, giày dép và thực phẩm mà còn có sự tham gia của nhóm ngành máy điện và các thiết bị điện tử. Nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy mặc dù các chỉ số có xu hướng giảm vào năm 2020 ở đa số các ngành, vẫn có những ngành có lợi số so sánh tăng lên rõ rệt từ mức trung bình lên mức cao, như ngành HS 11 và HS 61. Điều này có thể lý giải do đại dịch Covid-19 làm thay đổi khá lớn lợi thế so sánh của nền kinh tế trong ngắn hạn. Nhóm tác giả cũng đưa ra một số khuyến nghị về sự dịch chuyển, thay đổi và các kế hoạch sản xuất phù hợp trong giai đoạn đại dịch và sau đại dịch cho các ngành khác nhau., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, This study identifies some industries of Vietnam which have export comparative advantages by calculating the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA) indicators from 2010 to 2020 according to the Harmonized System Codes 2020 of the UN Comtrade database. The results show that Vietnamese industries with high export advantages are not only those with traditional strengths in apparel, footwear or food, but also the electrical machinery and electronics. The study also finds out that although most of Vietnamese industries experienced lower comparative advantage indicators in 2020, comparative advantage indicators of several industries, such as HS11 and HS61, still increased significantly from medium to high export potential level. The impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic may be the explanation for these changes. The pandemic has dramatically changed the economy's comparative advantage in the short term. The study presents some recommendations about displacement and changes for industries to adapt to the production situation during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods.

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