Chuyến triều cống sau cùng của triều đại Tây Sơn

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Tác giả: Nguyễn Duy Chính

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Khoa học Đại học Đông Á 2023

Mô tả vật lý: 86-118

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 400534

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Tháng Năm năm Tân Dậu (1801) chúa Nguyễn Phúc Ánh lấy được kinh đô Phú Xuân, triều đình Tây Sơn chạy ra bắc. Vua Cảnh Thịnh đổi niên hiệu thành Bảo Hưng và gửi một phái đoàn sang Trung Hoa lấy tiếng là triều cống nhưng ngầm xin nhà Thanh giúp đỡ. Cũng thời gian đó, triều đình Gia Định liên tiếp gửi nhiều phái đoàn sang Quảng Đông để vận động nhà Thanh từ bỏ Tây Sơn và công nhận một triều đại mới. Chúa Nguyễn cũng đưa sang một số tướng lãnh thuỷ quân Tây Sơn bắt được lấy lý do là họ vốn có xuất thân cướp biển được Tây Sơn dung túng kèm theo chiếc ấn bạc nhà Thanh phong cho vua Quang Trung. Theo đúng thể lệ và lễ tiết, nhà Thanh vẫn chấp thuận cho Tây Sơn gửi người qua nhưng cố tình trì hoãn việc đưa phái đoàn lên Bắc Kinh vì muốn chờ xem tình hình phía nam thay đổi theo hướng nào trước khi tỏ thái độ dứt khoát. Chỉ thị ngầm của vua Gia Khánh là nếu triều đình Tây Sơn chạy sang Trung Hoa thì chỉ nhận người trong hoàng tộc mà không chấp nhận cho các bầy tôi đi theo để tránh những khó khăn ngoại giao từng xảy ra khi vua Càn Long an tháp gia đình và bầy tôi vua Chiêu Thống năm Kỷ Dậu (1789). Giữa năm Nhâm Tuất (1802), vua Gia Long chiếm được toàn cõi Bắc Hà, vua tôi nhà Tây Sơn đều bị bắt, gỡ thế bí cho nhà Thanh nên vua Gia Khánh nhanh chóng kết án Nguyễn Quang Toản bội bạc để quay sang công nhận triều đình Phú Xuân., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, In the fifth lunar month of Tan Dau (1801), king Nguyen Phuc Anh of Gia Dinh regained city of Phu Xuan (now Hue), the citadel of Tay Son. King Canh Thinh fled to Thang Long (now Ha Noi) and renamed his reign-title into Bao Hung and quickly sent a tribute envoy to China implicitsupport. Simultaneously the court of Gia Dinh also sent envoys to Guangdong, inspiringthe Qing court to abandon the Tay Son and recognize the new kingdom as tributary state. The king of Nguyen also returned the silver seal which the Qing court had granted to Tay Son along with some captured generals who were previously pirates in the outer seas of China. As the protocols of the tributary systems, the Qing court still accepted the Tay Son request to send tribute envoy to China but lengthened the time to wait for the new comings and goings from the south. Emperor Jiaqing also secretly ordered the acceptance the emigration of the Tay Son families only (without attendants) in case they escaped to China to avoid past complications of when the king of Le fled to China in 1789. In the middle of the year Nham Tuat (1802), King Gia Long (Nguyen Phuc Anh) completed gaining control of Vietnam and arrested all of Tay Son's family. Taking advantage of the situation, the Qing court immediately declared the Tay Son as traitors and acknowledged the new court of Phu Xuan as the legitimate government of Vietnam.

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