Ứng dụng túi rêu chiếu xạ trong quan trắc môi trường

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Tác giả: Nguyễn An Sơn

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 526 Mathematical geography

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học - Đại học Đồng Nai, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: 114-122

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 401256

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Chủ đề

Rêu được biết đến như là trạm quan trắc sống tại các khu đô thị ở một số nước trên thế giới. Chúng được sử dụng để giám sát chất lượng không khí. Kỹ thuật túi rêu đã được áp dụng rộng rãi trong quan trắc môi trường ở các đô thị và khu công nghiệp, nơi rêu khó tồn tại trong tự nhiên. Tuy nhiên, rêu trong các túi rêu thường phát triển yếu, đôi khi không thể sống, làm cho sự hấp thụ các nguyên tố hóa học từ không khí của rêu kém hiệu quả. Vì vậy, việc đánh giá chỉ số ô nhiễm không khí tại các khu vực quan trắc bị hạn chế và thiếu chính xác. Để khắc phục những hạn chế trên, phương pháp chiếu xạ rêu với liều chiếu thấp nhằm kích thích sự phát triển của rêu được áp dụng. Sử dụng tia X năng lượng thấp (160 keV) để chiếu xạ các túi rêu với liều chiếu từ 1,0 Gy đến 17,0 Gy với bước chiếu là 1,0 Gy. Kết quả cho thấy, liều chiếu xạ tối ưu để rêu phát triển là 14,0 Gy.Sử dụng tia X năng lượng thấp với liều chiếu 14,0 Gy để xử lý các túi rong rêu trước khi đưa ra quan trắc môi trường. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, khả năng hấp thụ các nguyên tố hóa học trong không khí của túi rêu được chiếu xạ tốt hơn so với túi rêu không chiếu xạ. Điều này cho thấy hiệu quả của việc sử dụng bức xạ để kích thích sự phát triển của rêu, làm tăng khả năng hấp thụ các nguyên tố hóa học trong không khí. Kết quả phân tích bằng kỹ thuật TXRF xác định được 24 nguyên tố lắng đọng trong không khí tại sân bay Long Thành (Đồng Nai, Việt Nam). So sánh hàm lượng nguyên tố lắng đọng bằng 2 kỹ thuật rêu cho thấy: trường hợp túi rêu không chiếu xạ thì hàm lượng thấp hơn rêu được chiếu xạ. Như vậy, triển vọng trong việc sử dụng túi rêu chiếu xạ để ứng dụng như một quan trắc sinh học trong quan sát môi trường ở những nơi đô thị hóa và những nơi có khí hậu không thích hợp cho rêu tự nhiên phát triển là khả thi., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Mosses are known as alive monitoring stations in urban areas in countries around the world. They are used to monitor air quality. The moss bag technique has been widely applied to environmental monitoring in urban areas and industrial zones, where mosses rarely occur naturally. However, mosses in moss bags often grow weakly and sometimes cannot survive, making the process of absorbing chemical elements from the air less efficient, and therefore the assessment of air pollution indexes in the investigated areas can be limited and inaccurate. In an attempt to overcome the above limitations, low doses irradiation was applied to stimulate the growth of moss in moss bags. Using low-energy X-rays (160 keV) to irradiate the moss bags with doses from 1.0 Gy to 17.0 Gy at an interval of 1.0 Gy and then evaluate the growth of moss, it was recognized that the optimal dose for the moss growth was 14.0 Gy.Using the dose of 14.0 Gy with low-energy X-ray radiation to treat moss bags before applying for environmental monitoring. The achieved results show that the ability to absorb the chemical elements from the air of an irradiated moss bag was better than non-irradiated moss bag. This shows the effectiveness of using radiation to stimulate the growth of moss, and therefore increasing the ability to absorb chemical elements in the air. Analytical results by TXRF technique obtained 24 elements deposited in the air at Long Thanh Airport (Dongnai, Vietnam). The comparison of elemental concentration deposited by 2 moss techniques showed that: the case of non-irradiated moss bag is lower than that of irradiated moss. This shows promise in the use of moss irradiation in moss bags for application as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring in places where urbanization, and where the climate is not suitable for natural moss growth.

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