Gender equality in the economic, social, and cultural spheres is one of the most important human rights issues that must be guaranteed and fully implemented. In reality, Vietnamese women have made significant progress in achieving gender equality in the economic, social, and cultural spheres. However, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed. Through this article, we analyze and clarify the legal issues of gender equality for women in the economic, social, and cultural spheres under the CEDAW Convention and the Gender Equality Law.