Hiện trạng lĩnh vực chế tạo máy nông nghiệp tại Việt Nam

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Tác giả: Trường Phi Nguyễn, Văn Thành Nguyễn, Hải Minh Phạm

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 631.3 Tools, machinery, apparatus, equipment

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Nông nghiệp Việt Nam, 2020

Mô tả vật lý: 116 - 123

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 401979

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Tóm tắt
Chủ đề

Cơ giới hóa nông nghiệp phát triển tương đối nhanh trong thời gian qua, một số khâu trong sản xuất đã đạt mức độ cơ giới hóa cao như khâu làm đất nông nghiệp đạt tỷ lệ 94%
khâu chăm sóc đạt 77%
khâu thu hoạch lúa đạt 65%. Trong chăn nuôi, mức độ cơ giới hóa trong giai đoạn cung cấp thức ăn, nước uống đạt trên 90%
xử lý môi trường đạt 55%
số hộ nuôi bò dùng máy vắt sữa đạt 75%. Tuy nhiên, năng lực sản xuất, chế tạo của các cơ sở cơ khí chế tạo máy cũng như trình độ cơ giới hóa ở nước ta còn thấp. Trình độ cơ giới hóa chỉ đạt 2,4 HP/ha canh tác, thấp hơn nhiều so với các nước trong khu vực và thế giới. Theo tổng hợp khảo sát cho thấy chất lượng nguồn nhân lực của các cơ sở chế tạo máy nông nghiệp còn thấp, cơ sở hạ tầng hạn chế, trên 52% các trang thiết bị đã cũ và lạc hậu, chỉ có khoảng 6,8% cơ sở có đầu tư phần mềm thiết kế chuyên dụng, 66,8% doanh nghiệp dừng lại ở sản xuất đơn chiếc và loạt nhỏ. Do đó, công suất chế tạo và chất lượng sản phẩm máy nông nghiệp của các cơ sở sản xuất trong nước nhìn chung còn hạn chế, thị trường máy nông nghiệp trong nước vẫn bị áp đảo bởi các thương hiệu được nhập khẩu từ nước ngoài (chiếm gần 70%). Để phát triển ngành máy nông nghiệp Việt Nam, trong giai đoạn tới cần có thêm nhiều cơ chế đặc thù, khuyến khích các doanh nghiệp đẩy mạnh nghiên cứu và đầu tư vào sản xuất thiết bị nhằm góp phần vào mục tiêu đưa ngành nông nghiệp Việt Nam đứng vào top 15 nước phát triển nhất thế giới., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, The mechanization of agriculture has been developed relatively quickly in recent years, some stages in production have reached a high level of mechanization such as the rate of soil preparation reached 94%
fertilization and pest control reached 77%
rice harvest reached 65%. In animal husbandry, the degree of mechanization in the stage of supplying food, drinking has reached above 90%
environmental treating 55%
the number of cow raising households using machines for milking reached 75%. However, the production capacity and fabrication of mechanical facilities as well as the level of mechanization in Vietnam are still low. The mechanization level in cultivation only reaches 2.4 HP/ha which is much lower than that of countries in the region and the world. According to the survey compilation, the quality of human resources of agricultural machinery manufactories is low, the infrastructure is limited
over 52% of the equipment are old and out of date, only about 6.8% of enterprises invests in specialized design software, 66.8% of enterprises only produces single or few production's series. Therefore, the manufacturing capacity and quality of agricultural machinery products of domestic manufactories, Vietnam agricultural machine market is dominated by foreign brands (accounting for nearly 70%). In order to develop Vietnam's agricultural machinery industry, in the coming period there should be more specific mechanisms, encouraging enterprises to promote research and investment in manufacturing equipment to contribute to the goal of bringing Vietnam's agricultural industry to the top 15 most developed countries in the world.

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