Bảo tồn nguồn gen cây Hồng sim (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) tại Vườn Quốc Gia Phú Quốc

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Tác giả: Tuấn Kiệt Trần, Thanh Sang Võ

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ - Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành 2020

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ID: 402307

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Hồng sim (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) là loại cây bụi thuộc họ Myrtaceae, mọc phổ biến ở Đông Nam Á, có giá trị đối với môi trường sinh thái, thực phẩm và dược phẩm. Ở Phú Quốc - Việt Nam, diện tích Hồng sim ngày càng bị thu hẹp do chuyển đổi mục đích canh tác và không được chú trọng đầu tư chăm sóc. Việc bảo tồn sớm nguồn gen Hồng sim trước khi chúng trở nên cạn kiệt là điều cần thiết. Nghiên cứu này góp phần lưu giữ và bảo tồn nguồn gen Hồng sim tại Vườn Quốc gia Phú Quốc. Thống kê 28 hộ dân trồng Hồng sim cho thấy 50% hộ canh tác với diện tích nhỏ hơn 1 ha, trong khi chỉ 4% hộ trồng trên 5 ha. Kết quả khảo sát hình thái thân, lá, hoa, quả và hạt của Hồng sim được ghi nhận. Đặc biệt, khoảng 1 ha Hồng sim mọc tự nhiên tại Ấp Bãi Thơm - Xã Bãi Thơm đã được khoanh vùng để bảo tồn và 2000m2 Hồng sim với mật độ 500 cây/ha được trồng bảo tồn thành công tại Ấp Xóm Mới - Xã Bãi Thơm. Kết quả nghiên cứu góp phần bảo tồn nguồn gen Hồng sim và giúp người dân có ý thức bảo vệ Hồng sim Phú Quốc., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. is a flowering plant belonging to the family Myrtacea, native to southeastern Asia. It is useful for ecological environment, food, and pharmaceuticals. Nowadays, the area of R. tomentosa is reduced due to shifting cultivation purpose and lack of proper care of crops at Phu Quoc. It is realized that R. tomentosa should be conserved as soon as possible. Hence, the purpose of this study is to conserve the genetic resources of R. tomentosa at Phu Quoc National Park. The survey of 28 households planting R. tomentosa showed that 50% of households have R. tomentosa cultivating area less than 1 ha, meanwhile only 4% of households have more than 5 ha. Moreover, the morphology of body, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds of R. tomentosa was also reported. Especially, an 1 ha area of R. tomentosa was staked to conserve at Bai Thom hamlet - Bai Thom commune. Moreover, R. tomentosa (500 trees/ha) was planted on a 2000m2 plot of land at Xom Moi hamlet - Bai Thom commune. As the result, this study has partly contributed to the storage and conservation of genetic resources of R. tomentosa as well as encouraged wide conservation of the plant at Phu Quoc island.

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