Đặc điểm lời nói của trẻ rối loạn phổ tự kỉ

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Tác giả: Thị Phú Đinh, Thị Hương Nguyễn, Thị Bền Phạm

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 371.9 Special education

Thông tin xuất bản: Khoa học (Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội) 2021

Mô tả vật lý: 371-378

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 403552

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Rối loạn phổ tự kỉ là một rối loạn phát triển thần kinh, đặc trưng bởi các khiếm khuyết cốt lõi trong giao tiếp xã hội và các hành vi có tính lặp lại, hạn hẹp. Thực trạng nghiên cứu về đặc điểm lời nói của trẻ rối loạn phổ tự kỉ chưa có nhiều. Bài viết này mô tả đặc điểm lời nói của trẻ rối loạn phổ tự kỉ ở Việt Nam. Phương pháp thu thập thông tin là điều tra bằng phiếu khảo sát từ giáo viên can thiệp của trẻ có rối loạn phổ tự kỉ. Kết quả thu thập từ khách thể khảo sát (N = 189) đã cho thấy một số đặc điểm lời nói của trẻ có rối loạn phổ tự kỉ như sau: 30% số trẻ trong mẫu khảo sát chưa có lời nói, 38% nói ở cấp độ từ, 26% nói ở cấp độ câu và 5% nói được trên câu. Trong số 70% số trẻ có rối loạn phổ tự kỉ đã có lời nói, trẻ có các biểu hiện như: nói lắp, ngắc ngứ, hoặc tắc nghẽn (n = 92, 48,7%), nói những âm vô nghĩa (n = 91, 48,7%), phát âm chưa rõ ràng (n = 86, 45,5%), nhại lời (n = 83, 43,9%), giọng nói bật hơi nhiều/ nói âm gió/âm suýt (n = 48, 25,4%). Những đặc điểm lời nói này của trẻ có rối loạn phổ tự kỉ nói tiếng Việt có nhiều tương đồng với các đặc điểm lời nói ở trẻ có rối loạn phổ tự kỉ ở các ngôn ngữ khác. Những đặc điểm lời nói này cũng được xem xét là các dấu hiệu nhận diện rối loạn phổ tự kỉ ở trẻ em và là nội dung của chương trình can thiệp cho trẻ., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Autism spectrum disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by core deficits in social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviours. Research on speech characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder has limited. This article describes speech characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders in Vietnam. Research method for collecting data was questionnaire. Teachers (N = 189) who were providing intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders answered the questionnaires. Based on responses provided by teachers, results showed speech characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder as follows: 30% of participants were nonverbal, 38% were word users, 26% were sentence users, and 5% were narrators. Among 70% of the verbal participants, speech productions were described as: stuttering or obstruction (n = 92, 48.7%), producing nonword sounds (n = 91, 48.7%), speaking inaccurately (n = 86, 45.5%), echolalia (n = 83, 43.9%), and lisper (n = 48, 25.4%). These speech characteristics of Vietnamese-speaking children with autism spectrum disorders were similar with findings found in other studies in other languages. These speech characteristics were also considered as positive behavioural markers for identifying autism spectrum disorders and were a component for comprehensive intervention programs for children with autism spectrum disorders.

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