Yêu cầu phiên toà mới trong tố tụng hình sự Hoa Kỳ và kiến nghị hoàn thiện pháp luật Việt Nam về kháng nghị tái thẩm

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Tác giả: Hải Ninh Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Luật học 2023

Mô tả vật lý: 39-52

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 407289

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Tóm tắt
Chủ đề

Quyền yêu cầu mở phiên toà mới được xem như một đặc quyền dành cho bị cáo theo pháp luật Hoa Kỳ và được quy định lần đầu tiên trong Đạo luật Tư pháp năm 1789. Theo đó, chứng cứ mới phát hiện là một trong những căn cứ để toà án chấp nhận mở phiên toà mới. Chứng cứ mới phát hiện phải bảo đảm đủ các điều kiện được các tòa án Hoa Kỳ xác định trong nguyên tẳc với tên gọi là "nguyên tac Berry ". Nguyên tắc này được xây dựng dựa trên vụ Berry kiện Bang Georgia năm 1851. Nghiên cứu phân tích các điều kiện trong căn cứ yêu cầu phiên toà mới, đồng thời làm rõ quy định của pháp luật tố tụng hình sự Hoà Kỳ về chủ thể, thời điểm, thời hạn yêu cầu phiên toà mới. Trên cơ sở xác định những điểm có tính chất tương đồng với khảng nghị tái thẩm trong tố tụng hình sự Việt Nam, nghiên cứu đề xuất các kiến nghị hoàn thiện pháp luật nhằm đáp ứng yêu cầu xây dựng nhà nước pháp quyền., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, The right to request a new trial is considered as a privilege for the defendants (accused in criminal case) under U.S. law and was introduced for the first time in the Judiciary Act of 1789. Accordingly, newly discovered evidence is one of many grounds for new trial in criminal cases. Evidence to be considered as newly discovered must meet specific requirements by the U.S. courts, often referred to as the "Berry rule" or "Berry test" because of an 1851 decision in Berry V. The State of Georgia. This study will, thus, clarify and analyse fundamental understandings and rules regarding new trial and motion for new trial under the U.S. Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, particularly on the procedure subjects, grounds, time limitation and others. The goal is to identify similarities between the procedure of new trial (motion for new trial) under U.S. law and Vietnamese criminal procedural law on reopening (or retrial), to finally and potentially point out suggestions to improve Vietnamese law on such matter in order to fulfilling the requirement of establishing rule of law.

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