Ủ sinh học chất thải chăn nuôi gia cầm

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Tác giả: Chánh Tây Dương, Thị Kim Hoa Hồ, Trung Tín Huỳnh, Hữu Ngọc Lê, Thị Huệ Nguyễn, Thuận Thành Vũ

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 624 Civil engineering

Thông tin xuất bản: Khoa học kỹ thuật chăn nuôi 2021

Mô tả vật lý: 76-81

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 407299

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Thí nghiệm được tiến hành với mục đích tìm hiểu diễn biến quá trình ủ chất thải chăn nuôi gà và hiệu quả tiêu diệt mầm bệnh, là bước đầu trong mục tiêu xây dựng mô hình xử lý chất thải cho các trại chăn nuôi gia cầm quy mô vừa và nhỏ, sử dụng phân ủ làm phân bón nông nghiệp. Chất thải (lót chuồng) được thu thập từ 2 trại chăn nuôi gà thịt. Chất thải của mỗi trại được phân thành 8 lô thí nghiệm: Lô 1 là phân nguyên liệu, trong suốt quá trình ủ không trộn phân
Lô 2, 4, 6 và 8 được trộn thêm sản phẩm vi sinh EM
Lô 5, 6, 7 và 8 được trộn thêm trấu
Lô 3, 4, 7 và 8 được đảo trộn mỗi tuần. Chất thải nguyên liệu được kiểm tra hàm lượng C và N. Số lượng một số nhóm vi sinh vật và sự hiện điện của Salmonella trong chất thải nguyên liệu và trong mẫu phân của các lô được kiểm tra. Kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy sau 2-3 ngày ủ, nhiệt độ các đống phân tăng cao >
50°C và vẫn duy trì ở trong khoảng 55-65°C cho tới 21 ngày. Nhờ vậy, số lượng các vi khuẩn đường ruột giảm đáng kể. Phân sau khi ủ 21 ngày không phát hiện được vi khuẩn gây bệnh Salmonella trong tất cả các mẫu ủ, nhiều mẫu ủ cũng không tìm thấy E. coli. Việc bổ sung thêm trấu và trộn đống phân ủ mỗi tuần làm tăng quá trình phân huỷ sinh học chất thải, làm giảm và mất mùi hôi của phân nhanh chóng. Việc bổ sung EM vào chất thải không cho thấy hiệu quả đáng kể lên quá trình sinh nhiệt và diệt khuẩn, nếu không kết hợp với bổ sung trấu và trộn đống phân., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, The experiment was conducted to study the process of poultry manure composting and its effect on killing pathogens. This was a first step in the aim to develop a model of manure management for small and medium-scaled poultry farms and use of the compost as biofertilizers. Manure/litter was collected from 2 broiler farms. The materials from each farm were divided into 8 different treatments. Treatment 1 included raw manure and stayed unturned during 21-day composting. An EM product was mixed with the materials in Treatment 2, 4, 6 and 8
and rice husks were added in Treatment 5, 6, 7 and 8. Composting piles in Treatment 3, 4, 7 and 8 were weakly turned. The results showed that after 2 to 3 days of incubation, the temperature of the piles increased to >
50°C and remained at 50-65°C until day 21. The number of manure bacteria remarkably decreased. Salmonella was not detected from all 21-day compost samples, neither did E. coli in samples of several treatments. The addition of rice husks and weekly mixing compost piles helped to increase the biodegradation of manure and quickly reduce manure odor. The addition of EM, without combination with rice husks and turning the pile, did not seem to produce a significant effect on the heat generation and microbial.

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