Thực trạng loét áp lực ở người bệnh cao tuổi điều trị nội trú tại Bệnh viện Lão khoa trung ương

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Tác giả: Thị Khánh Hỷ Đỗ, Thị Thu Hương Dương

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Y học cộng đồng 2022

Mô tả vật lý: 71-77

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 407731

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Mô tả thực trạng loét áp lực ở người bệnh cao tuổi điều trị nội trú tại Bệnh viện Lão khoa Trung Ương. Đối tượng, phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang tiến hành trên 250 người bệnh cao tuổi (từ 60 tuổi trở lên) đang điều trị tại các khoa Lâm sàng của Bệnh viện Lão khoa Trung ương từ tháng 11/2020 đến tháng 8/2021. Sử dụng thang đánh giá nguy cơ loét áp lực theo thang điểm Braden và phân loại mức độ loét của NPUAP (2016). Kết quả: Điểm trung bình nguy cơ loét áp lực theo thang điểm Braden là 16,50 ± 4,16 điểm. Phân bố điểm của các tiêu chí đánh giá nguy cơ loét theo thang điểm Braden, mức độ đánh giá 1 điểm về nhận biết cảm giác, độ ẩm da, vận động, khả năng tự xoay trở, dinh dưỡng, ma sát dịch chuyển chiếm tỷ lệ thấp nhất lần lượt là: 2,0%, 0,4%, 23,2%, 16,0%, 4,8%, 12,8%. Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân nội trú có loét áp lực là 11,6%. Số bệnh nhân chỉ có 1 vết loét chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất là 72,4%, có 2 vết loét cao thứ 2 với tỷ lệ 17,2% và có 3 vết loét là thấp nhất với 10,3%. Loét độ I, độ II, độ III, độ IV lần lượt chiếm các tỷ lệ tương ứng là: 27,5%, 22,5%, 32,5%, 17,5%. Vị trí xuất hiện loét khá đa dạng, theo thứ tự xuất hiện từ nhiều đến ít là cùng cụt (37,5%), gót chân, mông (15,0%), lưng (12,5%) bả vai, mắt cá chân, khuỷu tay (5%). Kết luận: Nguy cơ loét đè ép ở người cao tuổi điều trị tại bệnh viện ở mức cao. Tỷ lệ loét ở mức 11,6%. Đa phần người bệnh có 1 vị trí loét, tỷ lệ loét ở vùng cùng cụt là cao nhất 37,5% và tỷ lệ loét độ III là lớn nhất chiếm 32,5%., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Describe current situation of pressure ulcer in Geriatric Patients who treat at Central Geriatric Hospital. Subjects and method research: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 250 elderly patients (aged 60 years and older) being treated at clinical departments of the Central Geriatric Hospital from November 2020 to August 2021. We used the Braden scale for pressure ulcer risk assessment and the NPUAP ulcer classification (2016). Result: The mean score for pressure ulcer risk according to the Braden scale was 16.50 points. Percentage of patients with scores distributed according to the criteria for assessing ulcer risk at level 1 point in terms of sensory, skin moisture, movement, self-rotation ability, nutrition, friction displacement
level of rated 1 point according above contents are: 2.0%, 0.4%, 23.2%, 16.0%, 4.8%, 12.8%, respectively. The rate of inpatients with pressure ulcers was 11.6%. The number of patients with only 1 ulcer accounted for the highest rate of 72.4%, having 2 ulcers was the second highest with 17.2% and having 3 ulcers was the lowest with 10.3%. Grade I, grade II, grade III, grade IV ulcers account for 27.5%, 22.5%, 32.5%, 17.5%, respectively. The position of ulceration is quite diverse, in order of appearance from most to least, the skin of sacrum & coccyx (37.5%), heel, buttock (15.0%), back (12.5%), shoulder blade, eye ankle, elbow (5%). Conclusion: The risk of pressure ulcers in the elderly treated in the hospital is high. The rate of ulcers was at 11.6%. Most of the patients had 1 ulcer site, the highest rate of ulcers in the coccygealsacral region was 37.5% and the rate of grade III ulcers was the highest, accounting for 32.5%.

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