Đánh giá tình hình phát sinh nước thải khu vực nội vi vùng bờ thành phố Hồ Chí Minh đến năm 2030

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Tác giả: Ngọc Tuấn Lê

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Khí tượng Thủy văn 2023

Mô tả vật lý: 24-36

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 408737

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Tóm tắt
Chủ đề

Tải lượng các chất ô nhiễm TSS, BOD, COD, tổng Nitơ (TN) và tổng Photpho (TP) trong nước thải sinh hoạt - dịch vụ (SH-DV), nuôi trồng thủy sản (NTTS), tiểu thủ công nghiệp (TTCN), chăn nuôi (ChN) và du lịch phát sinh tại vùng bờ thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (Tp. HCM) được xem xét, dự báo đến năm 2030 với 3 kịch bản xử lý nước thải (XLNT) khác nhau. Trong nghiên cứu này, các phương pháp điều tra, khảo sát, lấy mẫu và kỹ thuật GIS được sử dụng nhằm mục tiêu xác định loại nguồn thải, nguồn tiếp nhận nước thải, khu vực và thời điểm xả thải đáng quan tâm trong năm. Kết quả cho thấy NTTS hiện phát sinh tải lượng ô nhiễm lớn nhất trong phạm vi nghiên cứu, chiếm 90-92,5% (tính theo các thông số ô nhiễm nêu trên)
tiếp đến là SH-DV và chăn nuôi. Nguồn tiếp nhận chủ yếu bao gồm sông Soài Rạp (74,5%), Lòng Tàu (15,4%) và Đồng Tranh (6,6%). Dự báo đến năm 2030, tải lượng ô nhiễm gia tăng 2,2 lần (tính theo COD) nếu không cải thiện tình hình XLNT. Tình trạng này sẽ được cải thiện đáng kể khi các quy chuẩn xả thải được thực thi hiệu quả hoặc đáp ứng tối đa. Kết quả nghiên cứu đóng góp cơ sở dữ liệu hữu ích cho công tác kiểm soát ô nhiễm, bảo vệ môi trường và hoạch định chính sách phát triển tại địa phương., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Loads of pollutants (TSS, BOD, COD, TN, and TP) generated from main waste sources (domestic-services, aquaculture, handicrafts industry, and livestock) in the inner area of the coastal zone of Ho Chi Minh City were assessed and forecasted to 2030 with 3 different scenarios of wastewater treatment. In this work, methods of investigation, survey, sampling, and GIS techniques were used to determine waste source type, receiving water bodies, and wastewater discharge characteristics, etc. serving to estimate pollutant loads and subsequently to contribute a useful database for pollution control, environmental protection, and local development policy making. Results showed aquaculture currently generated the largest pollutant load in the coastal area, accounting for 90-92.5% (according to mentioned parameters)
followed by domestic-services and livestock activities. The main receiving water bodies were indicated as follows: Soai Rap River (74.5%), Long Tau River (15.4%), and Dong Tranh River (6.6%). By 2030, the pollutant loads would increase 2.2 times (in terms of COD) if wastewater treatment activities were not improved. On the other hand, wastewater quality, followed by surface water quality would greatly and positively change when related emission regulations were effectively enforced and/or maximally met.

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