Tỷ lệ nhiễm nấm ở bệnh nhân bị viêm giác mạc và các yếu tố liên quan

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Tác giả: Hồ Phương Liên Nguyễn, Nhật Minh Thư Nguyễn, Tường Vy Võ

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Y học cộng đồng 2023

Mô tả vật lý: 17-25

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 409470

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Chủ đề

Viêm giác mạc là một bệnh lý về giác mạc quan trọng, hậu quả mà bệnh gây ra rất lớn, có thể làm mất thị lực hoàn toàn nếu không được chữa trị kịp thời. Có nhiều tác nhân gây viêm loét giác mạc, trong đó vi nấm là một tác nhân phổ biến và đang có xu hướng tăng dần trong những năm gần đây. Cần tìm hiểu rõ hơn về bệnh, tác nhân vi nấm gây bệnh và các yếu tố liên quan ảnh hưởng đến tình trạng bệnh để có cái nhìn bao quát, tìm được cách dự phòng và kiểm soát căn bệnh này.Mục tiêu nghiên cứu Xác định tỷ lệ vi nấm gây viêm giác mạc, tỷ lệ các chủng vi nấm phân lập được trên mẫu giác mạc và các yếu tố liên quan đến tỷ lệ nhiễm nấm ở bệnh nhân bị viêm giác mạc đến khám mắt tại Khoa Khám bệnh của Bệnh viện Mắt Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả có phân tích thực hiện từ tháng 06/2022 đến tháng 7/2022 trên 148 bệnh nhân đến Khám mắt tại Khoa khám bệnh của Bệnh viện Mắt Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh được chọn vào nghiên cứu. Thu thập thông tin nghiên cứu thông qua bộ câu hỏi nghiên cứu và mẫu giác mạc.Kết quả: Trong số 148 đối tượng nghiên cứu, tỷ lệ nhiễm nấm ở bệnh nhân bị viêm giác mạc là 33,1%. Tỷ lệ nấm sợi phân lập được từ mẫu giác mạc của bệnh nhân chiếm 93,75%, tỷ lệ nấm men chiếm 6,25%. Aspergillus sp là chủng nấm chính gây viêm giác mạc, chiếm đến 53,12%, theo sau đó là Fusarium sp với 18,75%. Aspergillus flavus chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất (25%), Aspergillus niger và Aspergillus fumigatus chiếm tỷ lệ thấp hơn, lần lượt là 18,75% và 9,37%. Cephalosporium sp, Paecilomyces sp, Penicillium sp đều chiếm tỷ lệ 6,25%. Candida albicans chiếm 6,25% và Curvularia sp có 1 trường hợp chiếm 3,13%. Tìm thấy mối liên quan giữa tỷ lệ nhiễm nấm ở bệnh nhân bị viêm giác mạc với các yếu tố: giới tính, nghề nghiệp, môi trường làm việc, nơi ở, nguyên nhân đau mắt.Kết luận: Tỷ lệ nhiễm nấm ở bệnh nhân bị viêm giác mạc là 33,1%. Các chủng nấm là tác nhân gây bệnh viêm giác mạc rất đa dạng, bao gồm cả nấm sợi và nấm men. Tuy nhiên nấm sợi vẫn chiếm phần lớn trong số các chủng nấm phân lập được từ mẫu giác mạc. Các yếu tố: giới tính, nghề nghiệp. môi trường làm việc, nơi ở và nguyên nhân đau mắt là các yếu tố liên quan đến tỷ lệ nhiễm nấm ở bệnh nhân bị viêm giác mạc., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Keratitis is an important disease of the cornea, the consequences that the disease causes are great, can cause complete loss of vision if not treated promptly. There are many causative agents of corneal ulcers, of which fungi are a common cause and tend to increase in recent years. It is necessary to learn more about the disease, pathogenic fungi and related factors affecting the disease status to have a comprehensive view, find ways to prevent and control this disease.Objectives: Determining the rate of fungi causing keratitis, the rate of isolates of fungal strains on corneal samples and factors related to the rate of fungal infections in patients with keratitis coming to the eye examination at the Department of Examination Ho Chi Minh City Eye HospitalMethod: Descriptive cross-sectional study with analysis performed from June 2022 to July 2022, over 148 patients who came to the Eye Examination at the Department of Eye Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City were selected for the study. Collect research information through research questionnaires and corneal samples.Result: Among 148 research participants, the prevalence of fungal infection in patients with keratitis was 33.1%. The percentage of filamentous fungi isolated from the patient's corneal samples accounted for 93.75%, the rate of yeast accounted for 6.25%. Aspergillus sp is the main fungus causing keratitis, accounting for 53.12%, followed by Fusarium sp with 18.75%. Aspergillus flavus accounted for the highest percentage (25%), Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus accounted for a lower proportion, 18.75% and 9.37% respectively. Cephalosporium sp, Paecilomyces sp, Penicillium sp all accounted for 6.25%. Candida albicans accounted for 6.25% and Curvularia sp had 1 case, accounting for 3.13%. Finding a relationship between the rate of fungal infection in patients with keratitis with factors: gender, occupation, working environment, place of residence, cause of eye pain.Conclusion: The rate of fungal infection in patients with keratitis was 33.1%. Fungal strains that cause keratitis are diverse, including filamentous fungi and yeasts. However, filamentous fungi still account for the majority of fungal strains isolated from corneal samples. Factors: gender, occupation. Work environment, home and cause of eye pain are factors related to the prevalence of fungal infections in patients with keratitis.

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