Biến động dân số và thực hiện chính sách quốc gia về dân số ở nước Nga và Việt Nam hiện nay

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Tác giả: Đình Hải Lương, Ryazantsev SV.

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Nghiên cứu Con người 2021

Mô tả vật lý: 45365

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 409795

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Theo học thuyết hình thái kinh tế - xã hội của chủ nghĩa Mác - Lênin, dân số là một trong những yếu tố căn bản của tồn tại xã hội, cùng với điều kiện tự nhiên và phương thức sản xuất, xét đến cùng, quy định tất cả các phương diện khác nhau của đời sống xã hội. Dân số không chỉ xét về mặt số lượng mà quan trọng là mặt chất lượng. Chất lượng dân số tốt cũng có nghĩa là chất lượng con người tốt, chất lượng nhân lực tốt. Nhân lực tốt, tức là bộ phận quyết định nhât trong lực lượng sản xuất - người lao động, cũng tốt. Nhờ đó mà nền sản xuất và đời sống xã hội mới có thể tốt đẹp trên các phương diện khác nhau. Theo nghĩa đó, con người là trung tâm, là chủ thể, là động lực, là mục tiêu, là nhân tố quyết định sự phát triển kinh tế, xã hội của các quốc gia. Bởi vậy, ngày nay, các quốc gia đều rất chú trọng vào chất lượng dân số. Việt Nam và Nga cũng không phải là ngoại lệ. Mặc dù mỗi nước có những tiền đề, điều kiện, bối cảnh đặc thù thì bên cạnh những vấn đề chung về an ninh dân số, phát triển dân số còn có những vấn đề được đặt ra theo những cách riêng, đặc thù. Việc giải quyết các vân đê vê đảm bảo an ninh và phát triển dân số của mỗi nước có thể là bài học hoặc gợi ý hữu ích về chính sách cho nhau trong lĩnh vực này., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Population, including both quantity and quality of population, plays important role in the development of nations. A key component of the population is human resource. Therefore, population fluctuations have a great influence on socioeconomic and human development. In addition, the population reflects the level of human and social development in very specific aspect and angle. Unfortunately, there have not many published studies on theses aspects of human development in Vietnam. Over the past three decades, there have been many changes in population affecting human and social development of Russia. First, they cause great effects in the short term, slowing economic growth and disturbing the labor market. They have vanished a few villages and small hamlets, and reduced population in the wide territories of Siberia and the Far East. The reduction in fertility also causes disruptions in the links among generations and family relationships in communities. During the last 10 years, the population of Vietnam has increased by more than one million people annually. There are population problems in Vietnam today, which might cause unpredictable consequences in the next few decades if they are not solved step by step right now. These include disparity in population among regions and areas of the country, birth rate, life expectancy quality, population fitness, etc.. Exploring the characteristics of the population and experiences of implementing population policies of each country is necessary and important for Vietnam today.

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