Nghiên cứu đánh giá diễn biến chất lượng nước và tải lượng ô nhiễm vào sông Tô Lịch

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Tác giả: Lan Hương Nguyễn, Thị Việt Nga Trần

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học công nghệ xây dựng 2023

Mô tả vật lý: 144-152

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 409975

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Tóm tắt
Chủ đề

Sông Tô Lịch là một trong số bốn con sông nội đô của thủ đô Hà Nội ngày càng bị ô nhiễm nghiêm trọng. Nguồn ô nhiễm chính của sông nội đô chủ yếu là nước thải sinh hoạt, nước thải sản xuất, nước thải bệnh viện lẫn vào nước mưa thải ra sông qua hệ thống thoát nước chung. Nghiên cứu đánh giá diễn biến chất lượng nước sông Tô Lịch trong khoảng thời gian từ năm 2017 đến năm 2022 và lấy mẫu quan trắc chất lượng nước 02 đợt vào tháng 08 (mùa mưa) và tháng 11 (mùa khô) năm 2022. Nghiên cứu này cũng xác định tải lượng ô nhiễm vào sông Tô Lịch vào mùa khô qua đo đạc lưu lượng thải vào sông. Kết quả đánh giá trong giai đoạn 05 năm cho thấy, không có sự khác biệt đáng kể về các chỉ tiêu SS, BOD5, COD và NH4 + - N. Tuy nhiên, biểu đồ thể hiện hàm lượng oxy hòa tan trong nước, một chỉ tiêu phản ánh rõ ràng về "sức khỏe của nước sông" suy giảm rõ rệt. Ngược lại, chỉ tiêu vi sinh được cải thiện, từ mức vượt giá trị quy chuẩn cho phép với cột B1 (QCVN 08MT-2015/BTNMT) trên 500 lần vào năm 2015 đến khoảng 30-70 lần vào năm 2022. Kết quả xác định tải lượng thải cho thấy trung bình hàng ngày sông Tô Lịch tiếp nhận khoảng 16.672 tấn BOD, 15.977 tấn NH4 + - N, 975 tấn PO4 3 - - P, 792 tấn NO3 - - N và 11.809 tấn SS. Các kết quả nghiên cứu là cơ sở để đưa ra các giải pháp khôi phục chất lượng nước sông có tính đến sức chịu tải và khả năng tự làm sạch của sông., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, To Lich River is one of the four urban rivers of Hanoi that is increasingly seriously polluted. The main source of pollution discharged to the inner city river is mainly domestic, industrial, and hospital wastewater mixed with rainwater through the combined drainage system. The study assesseed the water quality of the To Lich River from 2017 to 2022 and took water quality monitoring samples twice in August (rainy season) and November (dry season) in 2022. This study also determines the pollutant load into the To Lich River in the dry season by measuring the discharge into the river. The evaluation results in the five year showed no significant difference in the indicators of SS, BOD5, COD, and NH4 + - N. However, the dissolved oxygen content in the water is a clear indicator of a marked decline in the "health of river water". On the contrary, the microbiological criteria improved from the level exceeding the normative value allowed for column B1 (QCVN 08MT-2015/BTNMT) above 500 times in the year 2015. They decreased to about 30-70 times in the year 2022. The data show that, on average, To Lich river receives daily about 16,788 tons of BOD5, 15,977 tons of NH4 + - N, 975 tons of PO4 3 - - P, 792 tons of NO3 - - N, and 11,809 tons of SS. The results are the basis for proposals to restore river water quality, taking into account the river's pollutant loading and self-purification capacity.

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