Hiện trạng, nguồn và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng tới nồng độ bụi PM2.5 tại Hà Nội: Tổng quan các nghiên cứu

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Tác giả: Bích Thủy Lý, Diệu Anh Văn

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Môi trường 2021

Mô tả vật lý: 45549

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 410025

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Ô nhiễm không khí (ÔNKK), đặc biệt là ô nhiễm bụi mịn là vấn đề đã và đang được quan tâm do các tác động bất lợi của nó đến môi trường và sức khỏe cộng đồng. Bụi mịn (PM2.5) là bụi có đường kính khí động học 2,5 pm. PM2.5 gây ra ảnh hưởng lớn đến sức khỏe và kinh tế trên phạm vi toàn cầu. Tại Việt Nam, kết quả quan trắc cho thấy, nồng độ PM2.5 trung bình năm tại Hà Nội và nhiều địa phương cao hơn Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia, QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (25 pg/m3) và mức khuyến nghị của Tổ chức Y tế thế giới - WHO (10 pg/m3). Nồng độ PM2.5 trung bình ngày tại Hà Nội và nhiều địa phương cũng bị vượt Quy chuẩn (50 pg/ m3) và mức khuyến nghị của WHO (25 pg/m3) vào nhiều ngày trong năm. Các nghiên cứu cho thấy, ngoài những nguồn sơ cấp, nồng độ PM2.5 tại Hà Nội còn được đóng góp bởi vận chuyển từ xa và phẩn thứ cấp. Một số nghiên cứu đã ghi nhận sự xuất hiện của các đợt ô nhiễm với nồng độ PM2.5 cao (ví dụ như >
100 pg/ m3). Tuy nhiên, chưa có thông tin về thành phần, nguồn đóng góp lên nồng độ PM2.5 trong các giai đoạn này. Phần bụi thứ cấp được dự đoán là có đóng góp đáng kể tới nồng độ PM2.5 vào các đợt ô nhiễm. Thông tin về sự đóng góp của các nguồn có ý nghĩa rất lớn trong việc định hình kế hoạch kiểm soát, ứng phó hiệu quả với các đợt ô nhiễm. , Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Air pollution, especially PM2.5, has recently raised a great concern due to its adverse effects on the environment and public health. PM2.5 is particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 pm. PM2.5 causes serious health effects and economic impacts worldwide. In Vietnam, the monitoring data showed that the annual PM2.5 concentration in many places was higher than the permitted levels of national technical regulation, QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (25 pg/m3) and recommendation level of World Health Organization (WHO) (10 pg/m3). Daily concentration of PM2.5 also exceeded the permitted values of national regulation (50 pg/m3) and the recommendation level of WHO (25 pg/m3) in many days of the year. Studies showed that beside the primary sources there were contribution of long-range transportation and secondary formation to PM2.5 concentrations in Hanoi. The occurrence of pollution episodes with high PM2.5 concentration (e.g. >
100 pg/m3) has been reported, but the information on the composition and sources of PM2.5 in these periods has not been reported yet. Secondary formation is assumed to have a large contribution to PM2.5 concentration in pollution episodes. Source apportionment of PM2.5 pollution is important to plan effective pollution control.

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