Hiệu quả của dịch trích thực vật đối với nấm Curvularia sp. gây bệnh vết nâu trên lúa

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Tác giả: Thanh Toàn Lê, Hòa Nam Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) Vegetables

Thông tin xuất bản: Khoa học (Đại học Cần Thơ) 2021

Mô tả vật lý: 177-184

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 411213

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Nấm Curvularia sp. là một trong những tác nhân quan trọng gây hại tán lá và hạt lúa, làm giảm năng suất. Do đó, nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm tìm ra biện pháp hiệu quả, an toàn trong việc quản lí Curvularia. Kết quả khảo sát sự đa dạng bào tử và đĩa áp của các chủng nấm Curvularia ghi nhận bốn dạng bào tử hình chữ Y, hình trứng, thẳng nhọn một đầu, hình trụ đỉnh cùn và ba dạng đĩa áp hình chùy, hình trứng, dạng xẻ thùy. Kích thước bào tử trung bình là 4,5-11,5 x 3,5-5,2 µm. Trong ba loại dịch trích gồm tỏi, húng quế, gừng với nồng độ 2%, dịch trích tỏi và gừng cho hiệu quả ức chế in vitro sự phát triển khuẩn ty nấm Curvularia sp. Tuy nhiên, dịch trích tỏi tốt hơn dịch trích gừng trong việc duy trì hiệu quả ức chế. Trong điều kiện nhà lưới, việc xử lí dịch trích tỏi tại thời điểm 1 ngày trước và sau khi lây bệnh cho hiệu quả giảm bệnh so với đối chứng, lần lượt là 86,62% và 87,97%, cao tương đương nghiệm thức đối chứng dương (150 g/L Difenoconazole + 150 g/L Propiconazole)., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Curvularia sp. is one of the most important fungal pathogens causing damages on rice leaves and grains, leading to losses of rice yield. Based on this context, research was carried out to find out an effective and safe method on managing Curvularia. Results of surveying diversity of conidia and appressoria of Curvularia showed that four kinds of conidia were Y shaped, oval, cuneiform, fusiform as well as three types of fungal appressoria were claviform, oval, elliptical with the wavy margin. Average conidial size range from 4.5-11.5 x 3.5-5.2 μm. Among three extracts of garlic, wrinkled-leaf mint, ginger with concentration of 2%, the extracts of garlic and ginger had high efficacy against hyphal development of Curvularia sp in vitro test. However, the garlic extract was better than ginger one on maintaining inhibiting efficacy. Under net house conditions, foliar sprays with garlic extract at one day before or after pathogen inoculation showed a disease reduction at approximately 86.62 and 87.97%, respectively, equivalent to positive control (150 g/L Difenoconazole + 150 g/L Propiconazole).

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