Ứng dụng phương pháp muối hòa tan xác định lưu lượng dòng chảy trên các vùng núi cao miền Bắc Việt Nam

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Tác giả: Thế Anh Đoàn, Thị Minh Nguyệt Vũ

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 627 Hydraulic engineering

Thông tin xuất bản: Khí tượng Thủy văn 2023

Mô tả vật lý: 25-34

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 411367

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Tóm tắt
Chủ đề

Dòng chảy mặt trên các vùng núi cao thường có sườn dốc, vận tốc dòng chảy lớn, chảy rối với nhiều cuội-tảng lăn do vậy rất khó thậm chí không áp dụng được các phương pháp đo lưu lượng thông thường. Phương pháp muối hòa tan dựa trên nguyên lý bảo toàn trọng lượng của chất chỉ thị được sử dụng hữu hiệu trong xác định lưu lượng dòng chảy tại nhiều vùng núi cao trên thế giới. Phương pháp muối hòa tan đã được áp dụng thành công xác định lưu lượng dòng chảy tại khu vực vùng núi Phong Thổ (Lai Châu), Mèo Vạc (Hà Giang) và Hà Quảng (Cao Bằng). Chất chỉ thị muối với trọng lượng đã biết được thả xuống dòng chảy tại một điểm và đo đạc giá trị độ dẫn điện của nước (EC) tại một điểm khác dưới hạ nguồn. Lưu lượng (Q) của 17 dòng chảy đã được xác định trên cơ sở đường cong biến thiên EC theo thời gian và hệ số tương quan giữa hàm lượng muối hòa tan và EC. Các kết quả áp dụng tại 3 khu vực miền Bắc Việt Nam cho thấy đây là phương pháp xác định lưu lượng ưu việt, phù hợp với điều kiện tự nhiên của vùng núi cao, dễ triển khai và không đòi hỏi các thiết bị chuyên dụng, do đó cần được áp dụng rộng rãi hơn ở Việt Nam., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Stream in mountainous areas usually characterized by steep gradient, turbulent flow with many rolling boulders so it is difficult even impossible to use metering techniques to measuring discharge. The salt dilution method based on the mass conservation of the tracer has been successfully applied to determine stream discharges in mountainous areas around the world. The salt dilution method was successfully applied in the mountainous area of the Phong Tho (Lai Chau), Meo Vac (Ha Giang) and Ha Quang (Cao Bang). A known mass of salt was injected to the flow upstream and measured EC at other locations downstream. The flow discharges (Q) of 17 streams were calculated based on the breakthrough curves of EC and calibration factors between diluted salt concentrations and ECs. The obtained results of streamflow measurement by salt dilution method in three areas in the northern of Vietnam show that it is particularly suitable for natural conditions of the mountain stream it's simplicity of application and don't need specific field equipment. The salt dilution method therefore should be widely applied to determine stream discharge in Vietnam.

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