Đánh giá khả năng chịu hạn của các giống lúa Japonica địa phương Việt Nam

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Tác giả: Thị Giang Hoàng, Minh Anh Ngô, Hiền Linh Trần

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 633 Field and plantation crops

Thông tin xuất bản: Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn, 2022

Mô tả vật lý: 45362

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 417051

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Khả năng chịu hạn ở giai đoạn sinh trưởng sinh dưỡng của 62 giống lúa Japonica địa phương Việt Nam đã được đánh giá nhằm tuyển chọn các giống chịu hạn tiềm năng góp phần bổ sung nguồn vật liệu cho công tác chọn tạo giống lúa chịu hạn. Tại thời điểm 6 tuần tuổi, các mẫu giống được xử lý hạn trong điều kiện nhà lưới bằng cách ngừng tưới trong thời gian 4 tuần. Các chỉ tiêu hàm lượng nước tương đối trong lá, độ mất nước trong lá và cấp chống chịu được đánh giá sau mỗi tuần trong suốt quá trình xử lý hạn
khả năng phục hồi được đánh giá sau 2 tuần tưới nước trở lại. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, sau một tuần ngừng tưới tốc độ mất nước trong lá không đáng kể, tăng nhanh ở tuần thứ hai, sau đó giảm chậm hơn trong tuần thứ ba và tăng mạnh khi sang tuần thứ tư khiến các giống lúa rơi vào trạng thái héo khô hoặc chết. Đánh giá cấp chống chịu ghi nhận hầu hết các giống lúa Japonica địa phương có khả năng chịu hạn ở mức từ khá đến tốt sau tuần đầu tiên ngừng tưới và giảm dần ở tuần thứ 2-3. Không ghi nhận giống nào có khả năng chịu hạn sau 4 tuần ngừng tưới. Nhiều giống Japonica có khả năng phục hồi tốt sau 2 tuần tưới nước trở lại với tỷ lệ phục hồi dao động từ 0-77,8%. Nghiên cứu giúp sàng lọc được 15 mẫu giống có tiềm năng chịu hạn với khả năng duy trì trạng thái nước và phục hồi tốt
trong đó, 2 mẫu giống có tiềm năng chịu hạn tốt nhất là G86 và G98., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, The ability to witistand water deficit during the vegetative stage of 62 Vietnamese Japonica rice landraces was screened aiming to select genotypes with drought tolerance for rice breeding program. Six-week-old plants were droight treated under greenhouse conditions by stopping irrigation for four weeks. Leaf relative water content, slope of leaf relative water content and drought tolerance score were measured every week after irrigation termination
recovery ability was measured two weeks after plant re-irrigating. The results show that, rapidly in the second week, causing plants to be fully dried or dead. After 1-week treatment, most of the Japonica landraces held drought tolerance ability, ranging from highly tolerant to tolerant. However, the drought tolerance gradually declined after two and three weeks of treatment, and no tolerant landrace was observed after 4- the rate of water loss from leaves was insignificant after one week of treatment, increased ind week, then increased slowly in the third week and increased intensely in the fourth week treatment. The recovery capacity was in the range of 0-77.8% among all landraces. Based on the obtained results, 15 promising Japonica rice landraces were selected for advanced plant water status, drought tolerance score and recovery ability. Among them, G86 and G98 were considered as elites in tolerance to drougt it.

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