Trải nghiệm bất lợi thời thơ ấu và sự thấu cảm ở học sinh trung học phổ thông

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Tác giả: Thị Thu Huyền Bùi, Ngọc Diệp Chử, Nam Anh Phạm

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 301 Sociology and anthropology

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học trường Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội, 2022

Mô tả vật lý: 192-204

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Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện trên 1070 học sinh trung học phổ thông tại Hà Nội nhằm tìm hiểu thực trạng trải nghiệm bất lợi thời thơ ấu, sự thấu cảm và mối quan hệ giữa trải nghiệm bất lợi thời thơ ấu và thấu cảm ở các em. Đồng thời, nghiên cứu cũng đánh giá ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố nhân khẩu học như giới tính, tuổi tác, nghề nghiệp của cha, mẹ, học vấn cao nhất của cha/mẹ, khu vực sinh sống đến mức độ thấu cảm và mức độ trải nghiệm bất lợi thời thơ ấu của học sinh. Thông qua việc sử dụng thang đo thấu cảm cơ bản (The Basic Empathy Scale) (BES) và bảng câu hỏi quốc tế về trải nghiệm bất lợi thời thơ ấu (Adverse childhood experiences International Questionnaire) (ACE-IQ) kết quả cho thấy nhìn chung học sinh có trải nghiệm bất lợi thời thơ ấu ở mức thấp. Các dạng trải nghiệm bất lợi phổ biến nhất là bỏ bê cảm xúc, chứng kiến bạo lực gia đình, cha mẹ ly thân/ly dị/qua đời, trong đó trải nghiệm thuộc nhóm bỏ bê chiếm tỉ lệ cao nhất trong 4 nhóm trải nghiệm bất lợi
hầu hết các trải nghiệm bất lợi đều bắt nguồn từ trong gia đình. Các yếu tố nhân khẩu học có ảnh hưởng đến mức độ trải nghiệm một số loại trải nghiệm bất lợi thời thơ ấu nhất định. Học sinh trung học phổ thông thể hiện sự thấu cảm ở mức độ trung bình, trong đó học sinh nữ có mức độ thấu cảm cao hơn học sinh nam. Tồn tại mối tương quan thuận giữa sự thấu cảm tổng thể, thấu cảm nhận thức với số lượng trải nghiệm bất lợi thời thơ ấu ở học sinh trung học phổ thông. Những hạn chế và lí giải kết quả nghiên cứu cũng được bàn luận trong bài báo này., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, This study was conducted on 1070 high school students in Hanoi to find out the current situation of adverse childhood experiences, empathy, and the relationship between these two variables. The study also looked into the impact of the demographic characteristics such as gender, age, parent's occupation, parents' educational level, and living area on the level of empathy and adverse childhood experiences in high school students. By using two instruments including the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire, the World Health Organization, 2020, and the Basic Empathy scale (Jolliffe và Farrington, 2006), results revealed that high school students experienced adverse childhood experiences at a low level. The most common types of adverse childhood experiences were emotional neglect, having family members being treated violently, having one or no parents, parental separation, or divorce. Most of the adverse childhood experiences happened in the family. Demographic factors also influence the extent to which some types of adverse experiences are experienced. In general, 4 groups of adverse childhood experiences positively correlated together. High school students had an average level of empathy, in which the score of cognitive empathy was higher than that of affective empathy. Girls have higher scores of overall empathy than boys did. There was a positive correlation between empathy and cognitive empathy with the number of adverse childhood experiences in high school students. Explanation of results and limitations of the current studies were also discussed.

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