This study examines the proactiveness of students participating in online foreign language learning at Hanoi University. Using a questionnaire survey approach, data were collected through surveys to explore factors that influence student proactiveness, including competence, autonomy, and relatedness. The findings show a correlation between competence, relatedness, and proactive participation. Student personal capacity and the feeling of connection and interaction with surrounding objects significantly impact the level of student participation when learning a foreign language online.