KHẢO SÁT QUÁ TRÌNH RỬA KHÔ DẦU DIESEL SINH HỌC TỪ DẦU ĂN ĐÃ SỬ DỤNG=THE CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCED FROM USED COOKING OIL USING WATERLESS PROCESSES

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Tác giả: Thị Duyên Nguyễn, Duy Thanh Phạm, Ly Na Phan

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Công nghệ và Thực phẩm, 2017

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ID: 447567

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Biodiesel is a fuel produced from plant oils or animal fats that can be substituted for petroleum diesel in many internal combustion engines. Biodiesel is biodegradable, cleaner burning alternative. Used cooking oil has significant potential as the raw material for biodiesel production. After glycerol separation, the obtained biodiesel contains impurities which may cause reduction in engine life time. Impurities which exist in raw biodiesel include methanol, soap, glycerol and catalyst. Traditionally, all of these impurities are removed from the biodiesel by water washing. Water washing has several disadvantages, such as producing large amounts of waste water that requires treatment and causing plant operational problems such as emulsion formation. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of ion exchange resins, silicagel and sawdust to purify raw biodiesel without using water. It was found that complete soap removal was attained at each test point in biodiesel after dry washing with ion exchange resins and sawdust A. Silicagel can reduce soap levels from 629 ppm to below 50 ppm at a flow rate of 2 BV/h. Purification with the ion exchange resin caused the acid value of the purified biodiesel to increase. The analysis of biofuel properties was also conducted. Results indicate that the values of viscosity, acid value, phosphorus content and sulfur content were met the national technical regulation on biofuels. Keywords Used cooking oil, biodiesel, biofuel, ion exchange resin, dry washDầu diesel sinh học được điều chế từ dầu thực vật hay mỡ động vật, có thể được dùng để thay thế dầu diesel. Dầu diesel sinh học là nhiên liệu có khả năng phân hủy sinh học và ít gây ô nhiễm môi trường. Dầu ăn đã sử dụng là một nguyên liệu tiềm năng để sản xuất dầu diesel sinh học. Trong quá trình điều chế nhiên liệu này, sau phản ứng chuyển este, glyceryl được loại bỏ nhờ quá trình lắng, tuy nhiên nhiên liệu thô bao gồm nhiều tạp chất như methanol, xà phòng, glyceryl, chất xúc tác. Công nghệ truyền thống sử dụng nước để loại bỏ các chất này phương pháp rửa ướt, có nhược điểm tạo ra nhiều nước thải cần phải xử lý và sự tạo bọt trong quá trình rửa cũng là trở ngại lớn làm giảm hiệu suất. Nghiên cứu này sử dụng phương pháp rửa khô, không dùng nước. Các vật liệu dùng lọc dầu diesel sinh học được thử nghiệm bao gồm nhựa trao đổi cation, silicagel và dăm bào. Kết quả cho thấy nhựa trao đổi cation và dăm bào loại A có khả năng loại hoàn toàn xà phòng trong dầu thô ở các lưu tốc khảo sát. Vật liệu lọc silicagel có khả năng làm giảm lượng xà phòng từ 629 ppm xuống dưới 50 ppm ở lưu tốc là 2 BV/h. Tuy nhiên, sử dụng nhựa trao đổi cation sẽ làm tăng trị số axit trong dầu sau lọc. Các thông số của dầu sinh học diesel cũng được phân tích. Kết quả về các chỉ tiêu như độ nhớt động học, tro sulphate, lưu huỳnh, phopho đều đạt theo QCVN 012009 của Bộ Khoa học và Công nghệ. Từ khóa Dầu ăn đã sử dụng, diesel sinh học, nhiên liệu sinh học, nhựa trao đổi ion, rửa khô.

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