This research aims to research the important factors affecting students’ self-study ability. With 478 surveys collected, the results show that there are four factors affecting the self-study ability of economics students at Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, including: (1) Students, (2) School, (3) Family, (4) Career prospects. Based on the analysis and evaluation of factors, some solutions have been proposed to take advantage of these four factors to improve students’ self-study ability.