A cross-sectional descriptive study on 340 elderly people living in Bo Xuyen ward, Thai Binh City, from January 2023 to May 2023, to describe the prevalence of dementia and some related factors on research subjects, using the screening tool of dementia Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with a cutoff score of 24. The results showed that the rate of dementia was 15.0%. The risk factors that increased the dementia of the study population were age ≥ 75 years old, history of respiratory disease, and history of cardiovascular with adjusted Odds ratios (aOR) of 24.3 (95%CI: 8.8-67.14), 13.26 (95%CI: 1.04-168.5) and 3.69 (95%CI: 1.19-11.42), p<
0.05, respectively. The factor that reduced the risk of dementia was having physical activity >
120 minutes/week with aOR = 0.36 (95%CI: 0.15-0.85, p <
0.05). Intervention programs for the elderly in this setting need to focus on the early detection of chronic diseases and encourage them to participate in programs that connect entertainment and intellectual activities to improve their quality of life.