GIẢI PHÁP BÌNH SAI GIÁN TIẾP KÈM ĐIỀU KIỆN VỚI MÁY THU GNSS RTK KÉP TRONG ĐỊNH VỊ VÀ BẰNG CÔNG NGHỆ GNSS

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Tác giả: Xuân Trung Bùi, Văn Dương Đỗ, Trung Thành Dương

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Tài nguyên và Môi trường, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.45727

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 459612

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Công nghệ định vị vệ tinh toàn cầu (GNSS) ngày nay đã được áp dụng rộng rãi trong nhiều ứng dụng dân dụng và quân sự. Tuy vậy, với một số ứng dụng có yêu cầu định vị, thời gian thực có độ chính xác cao như máy thi công công trình, định vị hố khoan, bố trí điểm thiết kế ra thực địa,... thì công nghệ GNSS vẫn còn hạn chế do nhiều yếu tố tác động dẫn đến độ chính xác về mặt bằng và độ cao chưa ổn định. Để khắc phục vấn đề trên, nhóm tác giả đề xuất phương án bình sai gián tiếp kèm điều kiện với máy thu GNSS kép nhằm nâng cao độ chính xác trong định vị điểm. Trong phương pháp này, hai máy thu GNSS đặt cách nhau một khoảng cố định. Bộ xử lý trung tâm thu thập dữ liệu đồng thời từ hai máy thu và dữ liệu tại trạm cơ sở để tiến hành xử lý đo động thời gian thực (RTK). Các phép đo cạnh không gian (baseline) giữa các máy thu với trạm cơ sở và giữa hai máy thu với nhau tạo thành một tam giác không gian. Khoảng cách đã biết giữa máy thu cho phép lập nên một điều kiện ràng buộc. Tiến hành bình sai gián tiếp kèm điều kiện dựa trên nguyên lý số bình phương nhỏ nhất cho phép nâng cao độ chính xác vị trí, đồng thời có thể kiểm soát được sai số đo đạc, đặc biệt là các sai số thô thường gặp trong GNSS RTK. Kết quả thực nghiệm thấy rằng giải pháp đề xuất có thể cải thiện độ chính xác đáng kể so với giải pháp GNSS RTK thông thường và ổn định ở mức dưới 3 cm.Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology is widely used in various civilian and military applications. However, for some applications requiring high-precision positioning and real-time navigation, such as construction machinery, deep-sea vessel navigation, or uncrewed aerial vehicles for surveying and mapping tasks, GNSS technology still faces limitations due to various factors affecting accuracy in terms of horizontal positioning and unstable altitude at a certain level as required. To address this issue, we propose a solution involving dual-frequency GNSS receivers with differential corrections to enhance the accuracy of positioning points. In this method, each navigation device is equipped with 2 GNSS receivers with antennas placed at a fixed distance apart. The central processing unit simultaneously collects data from 2 receivers and data from the reference station to perform real-time kinematic (RTK) processing. The spatial baseline measurements between the receivers and the reference station and between the receivers themselves form a spatial triangle. The known distance between the antennas allows for establishing a constraint condition. Indirect error minimization based on the least squares principle is then applied to improve the position accuracy while controlling measurement errors, widespread errors encountered in GNSS RTK. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution can significantly improve accuracy compared to conventional GNSS RTK solutions and maintain stability below 3 cm.

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