Ba Ria-Vung Tau province is situated in the Southern main economic area with rapid urbanization, industry, and modernization. The expansion of impermeable land cover has grown significantly in response to climate change and global warming, which have resulted in higher surface temperatures in the province in recent years. This study provides an assessment of the impact of increased temperature in Ba Ria - Vung Tau province based on surface temperature values extracted from thermal infrared Landsat image data during the period 2010-2021. The variety of land cover tends to influence the properties of land surface temperature reported by satellite sensing sensors. The results show that the heat island activity is strong, with a decreasing trend from urban to peri-urban areas. The surface temperatures above 30-40oC accounted for just 5% of the study area in 2010, but the rate doubled by 2021. Typical areas with an increase in surface temperature due to the rapid urbanization include Vung Tau city, Ba Ria city, Long Dien district, and Phu My town. This demonstrates that the changes in land cover is a factor contributing to the increase in land surface temperature in the area.