CÔNG NGHỆ XỬ LÝ ĐẤT Ô NHIỄM CHÌ BẰNG THỰC VẬT

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Tác giả: Thị Phương Thảo Cao, Thị Chanh Hoàng, Thị Thúy Vân Lương

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ - Đại học Thái Nguyên, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.247 - 258

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 462601

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Lead-contaminated soil poses a serious concern for agricultural production, food safety, and human health due to its detrimental effects and widespread accumulation in food chains. Phytoextraction, the extraction of pollutants using plants, is a technology that has been researched and applied to extract or remove lead from polluted sites. This method is evaluated as an effective, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective technological solution. Based on a comprehensive review of information and data spanning several years, this article aims to explore and analyze various strategies for overcoming the limitations of conventional methods that rely on hyperaccumulating plants to uptake and accumulate metals without intervening in the substrate or the plants themselves. These strategies include combining plant-assisted approaches with chelates, integrating plant-assisted methods with microorganisms or mycorrhizal fungi, and merging plant-based technology with genetic engineering to shorten treatment time, increase absorption and accumulation of Pb in plant parts. Although many factors still need to be improved in terms of principles and treatment techniques, initial results have affirmed that this is a completely effective and feasible method for treating lead-contaminated areas, aligning with the trend of applying green technologies to environmental protection.Tách chiết chất ô nhiễm bằng thực vật (phytoextraction) là công nghệ đã và đang được quan tâm nghiên cứu, ứng dụng để chiết xuất hoặc loại bỏ Pb khỏi môi trường ô nhiễm. Phương pháp này được đánh giá là một giải pháp công nghệ hiệu quả, thân thiện với môi trường và chi phí thấp. Dựa trên các thông tin và số liệu đã được công bố trong nhiều năm, bài viết này nhằm tổng hợp và phân tích các cách tiếp cận khác nhau nhằm giảm thiểu những hạn chế của phương pháp tách chiết thực vật tự nhiên (không có sự can thiệp vào chất nền cũng như công cụ xử lý) như tách chiết thực vật kết hợp với chelate
tách chiết thực vật kết hợp với vi khuẩn hoặc nấm rễ
tách chiết thực vật kết hợp với công nghệ gen nhằm rút ngắn thời gian xử lý, tăng cường hấp thụ và tích lũy Pb trong các bộ phận của cây. Mặc dù còn nhiều yếu tố cần hoàn thiện về mặt nguyên lý và kĩ thuật xử lý nhưng những kết quả bước đầu đã khẳng định đây là phương pháp hoàn toàn hiệu quả, phù hợp và khả thi để xử lý những vùng đất ô nhiễm chì theo xu hướng ứng dụng công nghệ xanh bảo vệ môi trường.

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