This single-center retrospective study aimed to explore the 1-year mortality risk factors in 166 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MH) between 6 June 2017 and 6 June 2023, and construct a 1-year mortality prediction model. The patients were classified into survival and mortality groups based on the 1-year follow-up results, and into training and validation sets at a ratio of 1:1 (53 mortalities and 53 survivors in the training set and 48 mortalities and 58 survivors in the validation set). Stepwise logistic regression was used to construct a 1-year mortality prediction model and to visualize it as a nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, calibration curves, and decision curves were used for nomogram evaluation in the training set and validation in the validation set. Age (≥52 years) (OR (95% CI): 2.05 (3.191-18.892),