Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong neurological condition that has no known cure. This book provides an extensive exploration of current and future directions for understanding immunology, neuroscience, and the development of potent treatment modalities. It presents an in-depth analysis and expert commentary on the role of genetics, lifestyle factors, biomarkers, neuroimaging, cognitive domains, artificial intelligence, and innate immunity in MS pathogenesis. We hope that the book is helpful to readers of all spheres of life, including those who want to understand more about MS, those who are keen to improve their understanding of MS disease pathogenesis, those who are enthusiastic to know more about treatment modalities, and those who want to be informed about state-of-the-art clinical developments in MS.