The rapid and organized healing of the cornea, while maintaining optical clarity, is essential for patient health and quality of life following corneal injuries. Oxygen plays a critical role in regulating cell migration and proliferation during wound repair, and the application of stem cell-derived exosomes offers potential therapeutic benefits due to their antioxidant and antiscarring properties. In this study, we developed oxygenated exosome-coated hemoglobin nanoparticles (OExo NPs) designed for effective oxygen delivery to enhance corneal re-epithelialization, reduce inflammation, and mitigate scarring. These OExo NPs exhibit a uniform average diameter of 130 nm and demonstrate consistent oxygen release capabilities. In vitro assays using human corneal epithelial cells-transformed (HCE-T) revealed that OExo NPs significantly promote cell proliferation and accelerate migration in scratch wound assays. Fluorescence imaging confirmed the successful internalization of OExo NPs into HCE-T cells and increased intracellular oxygen levels under hypoxic conditions. Gene expression analyses indicated a downregulation of critical wound healing markers, including HIF-1α, VEGF, IL-8, and FAK, suggesting effective alleviation of hypoxia, inhibition of angiogenesis, suppression of inflammation, and reduction of scar formation. These results highlight the potential of OExo NPs as a promising therapeutic approach for topical treatment of corneal wounds.