DNA-based functional nanomaterials are distinguished by their structural designability and functional controllability, making them particularly attractive in the biomedical field. Using DNA nanomaterials for cancer treatment through synergistic approaches combining photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy has garnered significant attention. This growing interest has driven the active development of various DNA nanomaterials tailored for integrated strategies targeting cancer, including phototherapy, chemotherapy, etc. This review provides an overview of DNA nanoplatforms employed in phototherapy and synergistic therapy for cancer treatment. It highlights recent advances in DNA nanoplatforms that leverage multifaceted synergy to enhance phototherapeutic efficacy. It also offers a new perspectives and clinical application potential of DNA nanomaterials in synergistic phototherapy for malignant tumors, focusing on developments in recent years and potential directions for future research and applications.