BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) is recognized as a potential modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, but findings within Asian populations have been inconsistent. Given the high prevalence of dementia and its substantial economic burden in China, large-scale longitudinal studies are essential to elucidate the complex relationship between IR and cognitive function. METHODS: This longitudinal cohort study included 8,734 middle-aged and older adults (median age: 58 years
53.6% females) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), followed from 2011 to 2018. Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) was used to assess IR and was calculated using waist circumference, hypertension status, and HbA1c levels. Participants were categorized into tertiles based on eGDR levels (Tertile 1: lowest
Tertile 3: highest). Cognitive function was calculated as the sum of episodic memory and executive function scores, which was then standardized to a RESULTS: Higher eGDR levels were significantly associated with slower global cognitive decline (Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1: β = 0.007
95% CI: 0.000-0.014
CONCLUSION: Higher eGDR was significantly associated with slower cognitive decline, particularly among women. These findings underscore the potential of eGDR as a marker for identifying and mitigating cognitive decline and highlight the importance of sex-specific strategies to address insulin resistance and promote cognitive health.