Già hóa dân số và nhận thức của người dân về phát triển cộng đồng: Trường hợp nghiên cứu ở khu vực nông thôn tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế, Việt Nam=Population aging and inhabitant consciousness of community development: a case study of the rural area in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Phát triển Khoa học & Công nghệ: Chuyên san Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, 2018

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ID: 471690

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Già hoá dân số là một hiện tượng toàn cầu đã tác động mạnh mẽ đến đời sống xã hội ở trên thế giới. Trong đó, Nhật Bản và Việt Nam là 2 trong số 20 quốc gia có số người già lớn nhất thế giới. Hiện tượng “Kaso” - “Suy giảm dân số” đã xảy ra ở vùng nông thôn Nhật Bản vào thập niên 60 của thế kỷ 20 và đã tác động tiêu cực đến sự phát triển cộng đồng. Việt Nam nói chung và tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế nói riêng đang bắt đầu quá trình già hóa dân số - một trong những dấu hiệu của Kaso. Bài báo này nhằm làm sáng tỏ (1) mức độ “Kaso” ở Nhật Bản xảy ra ở khu vực nghiên cứu của Việt Nam như thế nào
và (2) nhận thức của người dân về cuộc sống hằng ngày, tình hình phát triển kinh tế - xã hội và sự quan tâm của người dân địa phương như thế nào về sự phát triển của cộng đồng trong bối cảnh dự báo già hóa dân số. Dựa trên kết quả phân kiểu sơ bộ số liệu thống kê nhân khẩu (tổng dân số, cấu trúc dân số theo độ tuổi) của Thừa Thiên Huế theo đơn vị hành chính cấp xã giai đoạn 1989 - 2012, hai xã nông thôn với các đặc trưng già hóa dân số đã được lựa chọn để nghiên cứu chuyên sâu thông qua điều tra phỏng vấn hộ gia đình. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, đã có những dấu hiệu ban đầu của hiện tượng Kaso như ở Nhật Bản. Tuy nhiên, kết quả phân tích sâu thì chưa thấy rõ nhận thức tiêu cực của người dân nông thôn về phát triển cộng đồng. Kết quả này góp phần nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc tiếp tục nghiên cứu nhận thức của người dân về phát triển cộng đồng nông thôn Việt Nam trong tương lai.Population aging, which is a global phenomenon, has strongly impacted the social lives of many societies around the world. In which, Japan and Vietnam are two of the twenty countries with the largest older population in the world. The “Kaso”- depopulation, has been occurring in rural Japan since the 1960s and has had negative impacts on community development. Vietnam in general, and Thua Thien Hue Province in particular is revealed to be in the beginning period of the “aging phase” - one of the Kaso signs. This paper attempts to clarify (1) how the extent of “Kaso” in Japan occurs in the study area of Vietnam
and (2) how is the inhabitant consciousness on daily life, socioeconomic development status and the concern of local people on the future development of rural community in context of projected population aging. Based on preliminary typology analysis of the demographic statistics (total population, aging population structure) of Thua Thien Hue at the commune level during the period of 1989-2012, two rural communes with aging population characters were chosen for further analysis through household questionnaires. The research result demonstrated that there has been similar to the initial situation of Kaso in rural Japan. However, the deep analysis result indicated that the presence of rural people’s negative consciousness of community development is not strong. Those preliminary results enable to emphasize significant importance on providing implicit information on the negative consciousness of rural people regarding the future of rural Vietnam.

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