Sự chuyển biến về mặt không gian và kinh tế - xã hội trong đời sống du mục ở Quận Gerger (Đông Nam Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ)=Spatial and socio-economic transformation of transhumance in gerger district (Southeast Turkey)

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Phát triển Khoa học & Công nghệ: Chuyên san Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, 2018

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Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 471699

Thêm vào giỏ

Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ ngay từ những năm 80 của thế kỷ trước đã bước vào một cuộc biến chuyển nhanh chóng. Những cuộc di dân từ nông thôn ra thành thị một cách không kiểm soát xuất hiện từ khoảng thời gian ấy, không chỉ khiến vùng nông thôn trở nên “rỗng không” mà còn là nguyên nhân của nhiều vấn đề, cấu trúc khác đối với nhiều đô thị. Một trong những sinh kế chịu ảnh hưởng nhiều nhất từ những biến chuyển nông thôn ở Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ chính là đời sống du mục. Chăn nuôi động vật bán du cư là một nghề phổ biến trên hầu hết các vùng của Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ và lối sống này đang đối mặt với nhiều thay đổi quan trọng. Quận Gerger ở miền đông nam Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ là một trong những nơi từng trải qua những thay đổi đáng chú ý như thế. Đời sống du mục có mặt từ hàng thế kỷ, ngày nay đang đối mặt với những chuyển biến quan trọng về mặt không gian, kinh tế và văn hóa xã hội. Về vấn đề chuyển biến không gian, sự thoái trào của hoạt động chăn nuôi gia súc dựa điều kiện môi trường và việc sản xuất nông nghiệp không thường xuyên đang trở nên ngày càng phổ biến. Trong khi đó, sự phân biệt các loại hình cư dân lại ngày càng trở thành một vấn đề quan trọng. Chăn nuôi gia súc – hoạt động kinh tế chính yếu trong quá khứ, nay biến mất theo một tần suất cao và không còn là một hoạt động mang lại thu nhập – điều cho thấy sự chuyển biến về mặt kinh tế đang diễn ra. Ngoài ra, sự chuyển biến về mặt văn hóa xã hội xuất hiện bởi nhiều hệ thống quy tắc xã hội đã từng được thi hành rất sát sao trong quá khứ nay dần biến mất.Turkey has gone into a rapid process of transformation especially starting with the 80s. Un on trolled migration f-rom rural areas to urban areas since this date, not only led rural areas to be emptied to a great extent, but also caused emergence of various structural problems in urban areas. One of the forms of living in Turkey that were affected the most by the change and transformation experienced in rural areas is transhumance. Seminomadic animal husbandry carried out in almost all regions of Turkey and the lifestyle related to this face radical changes. The Gerger district, located in southeast Turkey, is one of the areas that experienced this process of change most noticeably. Transhumance, which has been carried out for centuries here continuously, faces significant spatial, economic and socio-cultural transformations. In spatial transformation, regression of animal husbandry activities based on natural environment conditions and occasional emergence of agricultural production become prevalent, while significant differentiations take place in types of residences. Animal husbandry, which used to be a main economic activity in the past, disappeared in dramatic rates and is almost no longer an activity that brings income, which indicates economic transformation
again, loss of influence of a set of social rules that used to be followed precisely and disappearing of some traditions indicate sociocultural transformation.

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