Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as the main ophthalmic complication of diabetes mellitus, is a major eye disorder contributing to blindness. Oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal Müller cells participate in the pathogenesis of DR. This work aims to study the biological role of moscatilin in the progression of DR and the underlying mechanism. High glucose (HG)-stimulated mouse primary retinal Müller cells and high-fat diet + streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DR mouse models were constructed as in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. The effects of moscatilin treatment on oxidative stress and inflammation in HG-stimulated Müller cells and DR mice were evaluated by detecting intracellular reactive oxygen species production, malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, as well as proinflammatory cytokine levels through CM-H