Đánh giá biến lượng di truyền con lai cây cao su thuộc hai tổ hợp lai PB260 x RO44/71 và PB260 x RO62/54 bằng kỹ thuật RAPD=Evaluating the genetic variability of rubber hybrid progenies of the two crosses PB260 x RO44/71 and PB260 x RO62/54 by RAPD technique

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Tác giả: Minh Thiện Nguyễn, Thị Mỹ Tiên Phạm

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Phát triển Khoa học & Công nghệ: Chuyên san Khoa học Tự nhiên, 2018

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ID: 472989

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The agronomic values of this population have been evaluated in the field experiments based on their phenotypic performance of agronomic traits, but the genetic variability of this population needs to be evaluated via techniques based on genetic material - DNA. In this study, the genetic variability in the investigated population of 71 hybrids and their parents was evaluated by RAPD technique, using eight selected arbitrarily primers
Genetic parameters and dendrogram expressing the genetic relationships among the investigated population were analyzed by GenALEx 6.1, Popgene 1.31 and NTSYSpc 2.1 softwares. Eight primers were used to generate the amplify products on each individual in the investigated population. From 74 genotypes, a total of 109 fragments were generated, among which, there were 89 polymorphic bands representing 81.65% with an average of 11 polymorphic bands/primer. Genetic similarity coefficient among the investigated population, based on DICE coefficient, ranged from 0.560 (LH05/0822 and PB260) to 0.991 (LH05/0781 and LH05/0841) with an average of 0,796, meaning that the genetic distance among ranged from 0.009 to 0.440 with an average of 0.231. The Shannon index and mean heterozygosity values were 0.328 and 0,176, respectively. This indicated that the progenies of the two investigated crosses possessed a relatively high range of genetic variability. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation within population represented 62%, while genetic variation among two different crosses contributes 38% to the total genetic variability. Dendrogram based on DICE’s genetic similarity using UPGMA method showed that the hybrids divide into two major genetic groups (0.75), but the crosses were scattered independently of the hybrid.Việc đánh giá các con lai bằng các chỉ thị hình thái như hiện nay tốn nhiều thời gian và dễ bỏ sót vật liệu di truyền tốt chưa được biểu hiện ở con lai. Để rút ngắn thời gian chọn tạo và sử dụng tối đa vật liệu di truyền, ngành cao su đã ứng dụng các chỉ thị phân tử dựa trên DNA như RAPD (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) vào công tác chọn giống. Chúng tôi đã sử dụng 8 primer để đánh giá 71 con lai và bố mẹ của chúng
kết quả thu được được phân tích bằng các phần mềm Popgene 1.31, GenAlEx 6.1 và NTSYSpc 2.1. Kết quả PCR với 8 primer thu được tổng cộng 109 băng với 98 băng đa hình chiếm 81,65% và trung bình có 11 băng đa hình/cặp mồi. Hệ số tương đồng di truyền dựa trên chỉ số DICE biến thiên từ 0,560 (LH05/0822 và PB260) đến 0,991 (LH05/0871 và LH05/0841)
điều này có nghĩa khoảng cách di truyền biến thiên từ 0,009 đến 0,440, trung bình là 0,231. Hệ số đa dạng gene Shannon và hệ số dị hợp tử trung bình lần lượt là 0,328 và 0,176, điều này cho thấy con lai của hai tổ hợp biến thiên di truyền khá rộng. Kết quả phân tích nguồn biến lượng di truyền phân tử AMOVA cho thấy biến lượng di truyền do sự khác biệt giữa các cá thể trong quần thể chiếm 62% và giữa hai tổ hợp lai là 38% tổng biến lượng. Phân nhóm di truyền bằng phương pháp UPGMA cho thấy các con lai chia làm 2 nhóm di truyền chính (ở mức tương đồng di truyền 0,75), nhưng các con lai phân bố rải rác không phụ thuộc vào tổ hợp lai.

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