Một quân đội da vàng.=A yellow army.

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Tác giả: Farjenel Fernand, Ứng Huyền Hoàng, Bá Dũng Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Nghiên cứu và Phát triển, 2020

Mô tả vật lý:

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 473390

Thêm vào giỏ

Bài viết đề cập tới một sự kiện hầu như chưa được biết đến trong lịch sử Việt Nam. “Một Quân đội Da Vàng” là đề án được đề xuất vào năm 1911 của tướng Pennequin - Tổng Tư lệnh các Đội quân Đông Dương (1911 - 1913). Ông đã ở Đông Dương 19 năm trong giai đoạn 1877 - 1913. Cơ sở của đề án bắt nguồn từ tình hình quân sự quốc tế ảnh hưởng đến sự phòng thủ Đông Dương quân đội Trung Quốc mới sau Cách mạng Tân Hợi 1911, nước Xiêm (Siam) vũ trang, đế quốc Nhật Bản đánh bại Nga năm 1905 và chiếm Triều Tiên năm 1910, và lực lượng quân đội Pháp tại thuộc địa không đủ sức phòng thủ. Thấu hiểu sự mạnh mẽ của các chiến binh Việt qua thực tế chiến tranh
thấy được sự thay đổi của xã hội Việt Nam sau 30 năm thực dân hóa, đã xuất hiện tầng lớp trung lưu mà nước Pháp cần phải trông cậy vào, Pennequin nhận thấy con đường tiến tới độc lập ở các nước thuộc địa có thể bắt đầu bằng xây dựng một quân đội quốc gia với toàn bộ sĩ quan đều là người bản xứ. Đề án đã thất bại khi giới quan chức và thực dân ở Đông Dương phản đối mạnh mẽ. Thế chiến I nổ ra buộc Nghị viện Pháp phải xem xét tái khởi động đề án để “tuyển mộ quân đội bản xứ” tham gia chiến tranh. Chí sĩ Phan Chu Trinh lúc này đang sống ở Pháp đã nhìn thấy trong việc tuyển mộ này cơ hội để thực hiện các ý tưởng hiện đại hóa. Đối với ông, nền độc lập cho đất nước chỉ có thể được chú ý đến sau một giai đoạn khởi sự ban đầu và đào tạo của xã hội Việt Nam, hướng tới nền kinh tế, chính trị và văn hóa hiện đại của phương Tây. Do đó ông nhìn thấy đề án này là một động lực chính trị khi gửi sang Pháp đào tạo các phần tử tiên tiến, những trí thức trẻ và lao động có chuyên môn. Nhưng chương trình này hoàn toàn dựa trên ý muốn của nước Pháp. Một lần nữa đề án của Pennequin lại thất bại, vẫn vì bọn thực dân thuộc địa ở Đông Dương. Lần này, nó bóp chết cả mong muốn của một nhà yêu nước Việt Nam.The article mentions an almost unknown event in Vietnamese history. “A Yellow Army” was a project proposed in 1911 by General Pennequin, who was in Indochina for 19 years between 1877 and 1913 and Commander of Indochina Forces from 1911 to 1913. The basis of the project originated from the international military situation affecting the defense of Indochina the new Chinese Army after the 1911 Revolution, the armed Siam, Japanese Empire defeated Russia in 1905 and occupied Korea in 1910, and French Forces in the colony were inefficient in defence. Understanding the strength of Vietnamese warriors through the reality of war and seeing the change of Vietnamese society after 30 years of colonization, which appeared a middle class that France needed to rely on, Pennequin realized that the path to independence in colonial countries could begin with the building of a national army with total indigenous officers. The project failed due to the strong protest of the officials and colonists in Indochina. The World War I broke out forcing the French Parliament to consider restarting the project of “recruiting indigenous army”. Phan Chu Trinh then living in France, saw this recruitment an opportunity to implement modernization ideas. To him, the independence of the country can only be noticed after an initial period of training Vietnamese society towards the modern economy, politics and culture of the West. So he considered the project as a political impetus when sending young intellectuals and skilled workers to France for training. But this program is entirely based on the will of France. Once again, Pennequin’s project failed because of the French colonists in Indochina. This time, it crashed in the egg the wishes of a Vietnamese patriot.

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