Trận Kỷ Dậu từ tài liệu gốc của nhà Thanh.=The 1789 battle in original accounts of the Qing Dynasty.

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Tác giả: Duy Chính Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Nghiên cứu và Phát triển, 2020

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ID: 473414

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Although the fighting between the Tây Sơn army and the Qing Dynasty in the year of the Rooster (1789) only occurred more than 200 years ago, the firsthand accounts from the people who witnessed the battle, especially those who were from Vietnam, were almost lost – this is a great loss for Vietnamese historians who want to study thoroughly on that historic fight. Previously, when exploiting Chinese documents related to the Qing invasion of our country in 1788-1789, Vietnamese historians only had secondary documents. Fortunately, the writer (NDC) has just found a report of Tôn Sĩ Nghị to Emperor Qianlong (Càn Long) on the 6th of the first Lunar month of the year of the Rooster (1789) when he fled Thăng Long Citadel. Some details in the report are different from what described in our history books because Tôn Sĩ Nghị intentionally justified his defeat. Looking up historical documents in the Qing archives will provide us with a more multi-dimensional and objective view of Sino-Vietnamese relations from the second half of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century.Trận đánh giữa quân Tây Sơn và nhà Thanh năm Kỷ Dậu (1789) tuy mới diễn ra cách đây hơn 200 năm, nhưng những tài liệu đầu tay (firsthand accounts) từ chính những người tận mắt chứng kiến trận đánh, đặc biệt là từ phía nước ta ghi chép lại hầu như không còn gì – đây là một mất mát lớn cho các sử gia Việt Nam khi muốn nghiên cứu tường tận về trận đánh lịch sử này. Trước đây, các sử gia Việt Nam khi khai thác tài liệu của Trung Hoa liên quan đến việc nhà Thanh đem quân xâm lược nước ta năm 1788-1789 hầu như chỉ tiếp cận được những tài liệu thứ cấp. May mắn gần đây, người viết (NDC) tiếp cận được một bản tấu triệp của chính Tôn Sĩ Nghị gửi cho vua Càn Long ngày mồng 6 tháng Giêng năm Kỷ Dậu khi rút chạy khỏi thành Thăng Long. Bản tấu này có những chi tiết không như sử nước ta miêu tả vì hẳn nhiên, Tôn Sĩ Nghị đã cố tình biện minh cho việc thua trận của mình. Việc tiếp cận những tư liệu lịch sử trong văn khố nhà Thanh sẽ cung cấp cho chúng ta cái nhìn đa chiều và khách quan hơn về quan hệ Trung - Việt trong giai đoạn nửa cuối thế kỷ XVIII - đầu thế kỷ XIX.

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