Công nghệ xử lý nước thải sinh học tiên tiến gần đây=Recent Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Technologies

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Ngôn ngữ: vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Khoa học Trái đất và Môi trường, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.45669

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ID: 474360

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Các phương pháp xử lý nước thải thông thường như quy trình bùn hoạt tính thường dựa vào các quy trình tiêu tốn nhiều năng lượng và tài nguyên. Tuy nhiên, các công nghệ mới nổi cung cấp các giải pháp đầy hứa hẹn để cải thiện tính bền vững của việc quản lý nước thải. Bài đánh giá này xem xét ba công nghệ tiên tiến, bao gồm lò phản ứng sinh học màng kỵ khí (AnMBR), nitrat hóa một phần/anammox (PN/A) và các quy trình dựa trên tảo siêu nhỏ, cũng như những lợi thế tiềm năng của chúng so với các phương pháp truyền thống. AnMBR kết hợp lọc màng với xử lý sinh học kỵ khí, cho phép tạo ra nước thải chất lượng cao, giảm sản lượng bùn và diện tích nhỏ gọn. PN/A là quy trình sinh học hai bước có thể loại bỏ nitơ hiệu quả với nhu cầu sục khí thấp hơn. Các hệ thống dựa trên tảo siêu nhỏ tận dụng các sinh vật quang hợp để loại bỏ chất dinh dưỡng và chất hữu cơ đồng thời tạo ra sinh khối để thu hồi tài nguyên tiềm năng. Mỗi công nghệ thay thế đều có điểm mạnh và hạn chế phải được đánh giá cẩn thận dựa trên các yếu tố cụ thể của địa điểm, chẳng hạn như đặc điểm nước thải, mục tiêu xử lý và điều kiện tại địa phương. Cần tiếp tục nghiên cứu và phát triển công nghệ để giải quyết các rào cản kỹ thuật và kinh tế còn lại cản trở việc áp dụng rộng rãi hơn. Việc tích hợp nhiều công nghệ thay thế trong một chuỗi xử lý có thể giúp tối ưu hóa hiệu suất tổng thể bằng cách tận dụng các lợi thế bổ sung của các quy trình khác nhau. Cách tiếp cận toàn diện này có thể thúc đẩy quản lý nước thải bền vững, thúc đẩy hiệu quả sử dụng tài nguyên, tiết kiệm năng lượng và bảo vệ môi trường.Conventional wastewater treatment approaches such as activated sludge processes often rely on energy-intensive and resource-demanding processes. However, emerging technologies offer promising solutions to improve the sustainability of wastewater management. This review examines three innovative technologies, including anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A), and microalgae-based processes, and their potential advantages over traditional methods. AnMBR combine membrane filtration with anaerobic biological treatment, enabling high-quality effluent, reduced sludge production, and a compact footprint. The PN/A is a two-step biological process that can achieve efficient nitrogen removal with lower aeration requirements. Microalgae-based systems leverage photosynthetic organisms to remove nutrients and organic matter while generating biomass for potential resource recovery. Each alternative technology has strengths and limitations that must be carefully evaluated based on the site-specific factors, such as wastewater characteristics, treatment objectives, and local conditions. Continued research and technological development is necessary to address the remaining technical and economic barriers impeding their wider adoption. Integrating multiple alternative technologies in a treatment train can help optimize overall performance by leveraging the complementary advantages of different processes. This holistic approach can advance the sustainable wastewater management, promoting resource efficiency, energy savings, and environmental protection.

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