Quản lý các khu dự trữ sinh quyển thế giới ở Việt Nam: Nghiên cứu điển hình tại khu dự trữ sinh quyển Cù Lao Chàm - Hội An=Management of World Biosphere Reserves in Vietnam: Case study at Cu Lao Cham

Quản lý các khu dự trữ sinh quyển thế giới ở Việt Nam: Nghiên cứu điển hình tại khu dự trữ sinh quyển Cù Lao Chàm - Hội An=Management of World Biosphere Reserves in Vietnam: Case study at Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An Biosphere Reserve

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Tác giả: Quang Học Trương

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Nghiên cứu Chính sách và Quản lý, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.16-39

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 474530

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By 2024, Vietnam has 11 Biosphere Reserves recognized by UNESCO, ranking second in Southeast Asia in terms of the number of Biosphere Reserves. However, the reception and utilization of the Biosphere Reserve designation in provinces and at the national level remain passive. In addition to maintaining annual commemorative activities and developing 10-year periodic reports, key activities to fulfill the three basic functions of Biosphere Reserves, namely Conservation, Support, and Development—have not been adequately pursued by localities. The 10- year periodic assessment reports required by UNESCO are fairly well-implemented by Biosphere Reserves and localities. However, the recommendations from these reports have not been clearly proposed to promote strengths and limit weaknesses in the sustainable development of future Biosphere Reserves. The underlying cause of these limitations is that the evaluation of the effectiveness of management and coordination of Biosphere Reserves from national to local levels still adheres to administrative trends, and the scientific evidence supporting the evaluation process is not sufficiently clear. Therefore, recommendations from periodic reports still tend to be procedural and responsible for the Vietnamese government agencies as well as UNESCO. Particularly, these recommendations have not been legally institutionalized or institutionalized to leverage the Biosphere Reserve title in the comprehensive and sustainable development of localities with Biosphere Reserves. Based on this reality, the construction of a Framework to evaluate the effectiveness of management and coordination of Vietnam's Biosphere Reserves through 6 management contents including i) Context and current management status
ii) Development of a Management Plan for each Biosphere Reserve
iii) Mobilization of input resources for management
iv) Management process and coordination mechanism
v) Output products of the management process
and vi) Results/Impacts of the management process. Within these six basic contents, 22 corresponding indicators and 65 specific indicators have been developed to accurately describe the context, conditions, reception process, and management/coordination/operation of each Biosphere Reserve with the participation of government authorities, scientists, business forces, local communities, and stakeholders. Thus, the application of the Framework for effective management evaluation for Vietnam's Biosphere Reserves in the process of building mid-term 5-year and periodic 10-year reports as well as the operation process and leveraging the Biosphere Reserve status of localities and countries, will help provide an accurate and objective description of the landscape of Vietnam's 11 Biosphere Reserves.Đến năm 2024, Việt Nam có 11 Khu dự trữ sinh quyển (KDTSQ) được UNESCO công nhận, là quốc gia xếp thứ hai khu vực Đông Nam Á về số lượng các KSQ. Tuy nhiên, việc đón nhận và phát huy danh hiệu Khu sinh quyển (KSQ) tại các tỉnh thành và quốc gia còn rất thụ động. Ngoài việc duy trì hoạt động kỷ niệm hằng năm và xây dựng báo cáo định kỳ 10 năm, các hoạt động then chốt để thực hiện 3 chức năng cơ bản của KSQ là Bảo tồn – Hỗ trợ và Phát triển chưa được các địa phương phát huy. Các báo cáo đánh giá định kỳ 10 năm theo yêu cầu của UNESCO đều được các KSQ và địa phương thực hiện khá tốt. Tuy nhiên, các khuyến nghị từ các báo cáo này trên thực tế chưa được đề xuất một cách rõ ràng để phát huy các điểm mạnh, hạn chế điểm yếu trong sự phát triển bền vững của KSQ tương lai. Nguyên nhân của những hạn chế nêu trên chính là việc đánh giá hiệu quả quản lý, điều phối của KSQ từ cấp quốc gia cho đến địa phương còn theo xu hướng hành chính, các minh chứng khoa học của quá trình đánh giá chưa rõ ràng. Do đó, các khuyến nghị từ báo cáo định kỳ vẫn mang tính thủ tục, trách nhiệm với các cơ quan quản lý nhà nước Việt Nam cũng như UNESCO. Đặc biệt các khuyến nghị này chưa được pháp lý hóa, thể chế hóa nhằm phát huy danh hiệu KSQ trong phát triển toàn diện, bền vững của các địa phương có KSQ. Xuất phát từ thực tế đó, việc xây dựng Khung đánh giá hiệu quả quản lý, điều phối của các KSQ Việt Nam thông qua 6 nội dung quản lý gồm i) Bối cảnh và hiện trạng quản lý
ii) Xây dựng Kế hoạch quản lý của từng KSQ
iii) Quá trình huy động nguồn lực đầu vào cho công tác quản lý
iv) Quy trình quản lý và cơ chế điều phối
v) Sản phẩm đầu ra của quá trình quản lý
và vi) Kết quả/Hiệu ứng của quá trình quản lý. Trong 6 nội dung cơ bản nêu trên, có 22 chỉ tiêu tương ứng và 65 chỉ số cụ thể đã được xây dựng nhằm miêu tả chính xác về bối cảnh, điều kiện, quá trình tiếp nhận, quản lý/điều phối/vận hành hoạt động của từng KSQ với sự tham gia của chính quyền, các nhà khoa học, lực lượng doanh nghiệp, cộng đồng điaị phương và các bên liên quan. Như vậy, việc áp dụng Khung đánh giá hiệu quả quản lý các KSQ Việt Nam trong quá trình xây dụng báo cáo giữa kỳ 5 năm và định kỳ 10 năm cũng như quá trình vận hành, phát huy danh hiệu KSQ của các địa phương và quốc gia sẽ giúp miêu tả chính xác, khách quan về bức tranh 11 KSQ của Việt Nam.

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