Khảo sát thành phần nấm gây bệnh thối trái nhãn tại tỉnh Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu=Compositions of fungal pathogens causing longan fruit rot in Ba Ria

Khảo sát thành phần nấm gây bệnh thối trái nhãn tại tỉnh Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu=Compositions of fungal pathogens causing longan fruit rot in Ba Ria - Vung Tau province

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Tác giả: Trung Kiên Chu

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.51-61

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 475909

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Compositions of fungal pathogens causing fruit rot were investigated on three major longan varieties cultivated in Ba Ria - Vung Tau province in their commercial stages, i.e., xuong com vang, edor and tiêu da bo. Ninety diseased fruit samples with newly emerged symptoms during 12 - 16 days and 1 - 3 days before harvest were collected in three different orchards of each variety. Fungal pathogens were isolated to perform the Koch’s postulates for pathogen identification. Using morphological characteristics, five fungal genera corresponding to five typical fruit rot symptoms were identified from the collected samples including: Lasiodiplodia, Diaporthe, Calonectria, Pestalotiopsis and Fusarium. Pericarp brown rot symptoms caused by Lasiodiplodia spp. were found to be predominant on all three longan varieties. The Lasiodiplodia genus appeared in the highest frequency (62.96%) among the samples isolated. Appearance frequencies of the other four fungal genera Diaporthe, Calonectria, Pestalotiopsis and Fusarium were 26.30%, 18.52%, 4.81% and 1.85%, respectively. This is the first report on compositions of fungal pathogens causing longan fruit rot before harvest in Vietnam where the Calonectria genus was firstly reported as a causal agent of the disease.Thành phần nấm gây bệnh thối trái trên 3 giống nhãn trồng tại tỉnh Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu gồm: Xuồng cơm vàng, edor và tiêu da bò được khảo sát trong các vườn nhãn ở giai đoạn kinh doanh. Khi bệnh chớm xuất hiện, ở giai đoạn 12 - 16 ngày và 1 - 3 ngày trước khi thu hoạch, 90 mẫu trái bệnh được thu thập cho mỗi giống nhãn trồng tại 3 vườn. Các mẫu nấm bệnh được phân lập và thực hiện quy trình Koch để xác định mầm bệnh. Dựa vào hình thái nấm, 5 chi nấm được xác định tương ứng với 5 nhóm triệu chứng bệnh thối trái gồm: Lasiodiplodia , Diaporthe , Calonectria , Pestalotiopsis và Fusarium . Trong đó, thối nâu vỏ trái do chi Lasiodiplodia gây ra là triệu chứng phổ biến nhất trên cả 3 giống nhãn. Chi Lasiodiplodia là phổ biến nhất, chiếm 62,96% tổng số mẫu nấm phân lập. Mức độ phổ biến của các chi nấm gây bệnh thối trái nhãn còn lại lần lượt là Diaporthe 26,30%, Calonectria 18,52%, Pestalotiopsis 4,81% và Fusarium 1,85%. Đây là nghiên cứu đầu tiên về thành phần nấm gây bệnh thối trái nhãn trong giai đoạn trước khi thu hoạch tại Việt Nam, trong đó chi Calonectria lần đầu được ghi nhận là tác nhân gây bệnh.

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