Đặc điểm kỹ thuật, kinh tế, xã hội và môi trường của mô hình lúa - tôm và chuyên tôm tại huyện Mỹ Xuyên, tỉnh Sóc Trăng=Technical, socio - economic and environmental characteristics of the rice - shrimp and shrimp models in my xuyen district, soc trang province

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Tác giả: Ngọc Ngân Khánh Quách

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.61-73

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 475944

Thêm vào giỏ

Nghiên cứu khảo sát 30 hộ canh tác mô hình lúa - tôm và 30 hộ canh tác chuyên tôm tại xã Hòa Tú 1 và Ngọc Đông, huyện Mỹ Xuyên, tỉnh Sóc Trăng được thực hiện từ tháng 3 đến tháng 5/2024 nhằm đánh giá đặc điểm kỹ thuật, kinh tế, xã hội và môi trường của hai mô hình để đề xuất giải pháp hướng đến phát triển nông nghiệp bền vững. Lịch gieo sạ lúa trên mô hình lúa - tôm bắt đầu tháng 8 và thu hoạch vào tháng 12 âm lịch, mật độ gieo sạ trung bình là 16,30 kg/1.000 m2 và năng suất đạt 900 kg/1.000 m2. Đến cuối tháng 2 đầu tháng 3 âm lịch năm sau nông dân tiến hành thả tôm với mật độ trung bình là 25.800 và 35.000 con/1.000 m2 lần lượt trên mô hình lúa - tôm và chuyên tôm. Năng suất tôm ở mô hình chuyên tôm là 649,3 và 609,30 kg/1.000 m2, tương ứng vụ 1 và 2, cao hơn mô hình lúa - tôm là 558,0 kg/1.000 m2. Mô hình lúa - tôm sử dụng ít hóa chất hơn so với mô hình chuyên tôm, từ đó giúp làm giảm thiểu ô nhiễm môi trường, đặc biệt là với môi trường nước. Cụ thể, lượng vôi khoáng và men sử dụng trên mô hình lúa - tôm tương ứng là 303
36 và 0 kg/1.000 m2/vụ, thấp hơn mô hình chuyên tôm là 312
58 và 1,64 kg/1.000 m2/vụ. Tuy lợi nhuận từ mô hình chuyên tôm (44 triệu đồng/1.000 m2/năm) cao hơn so với lúa - tôm (38 triệu đồng/1.000 m2/năm), nhưng chi phí đầu tư của mô hình chuyên tôm khá cao (69 triệu đồng/1.000 m2/năm), trong khi mô hình lúa - tôm đầu tư thấp hơn (28 triệu đồng/1.000 m2/năm), dẫn đến tỷ suất lợi nhuận của mô hình chuyên tôm là 0,77 - 0,82, thấp hơn mô hình lúa – tôm là 3,05 và 1,67.The research surveyed 30 rice - shrimp and 30 shrimp monoculture households in Hoa Tu 1 and Ngoc Dong communes, My Xuyen district, Soc Trang province, which was conducted from March to May 2024 to evaluate the technical, socio - economic and environmental characteristics of the two models from which to propose solutions towards sustainable development. The rice sowing schedule on the rice - shrimp model started in August and was harvested in the December of lunar calendar, with average sowing density was 16 kg rice varieties/1000 m2 and the rice yield was 900 kg/1000 m2. By the end of February and early March of the following lunar year, farmers stock shrimp with an average density of 25,800 and 35,000 PLs/1000 m2 on the rice - shrimp and shrimp models, respectively. Shrimp productivity in the shrimp model (649.3 and 609.3 kg/1000 m2 for crops 1 and 2, respectively) was higher than that of the rice-shrimp model (558.0 kg/1000 m2). The rice - shrimp model used less chemicals than in the shrimp model, thereby helping to reduce environmental pollution, especially water environment. Specifically, the amount of lime, minerals and probiotics used in the rice-shrimp model were 303
36 and 0 kg/1000 m2/crop, respectively, were lower than that of the shrimp model (312
56 and 1.64 kg/1000 m2/crop).

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