Ảnh hưởng của tuổi liếp đến sự thay đổi một số tính chất độ phì nhiêu của đất trồng sầu riêng ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long=Effect of raised-bed ages change on durian soil fertility in the vietnamese mekong delta

0 Người đánh giá. Xếp hạng trung bình 0

Tác giả: Kim Quyên Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.34-42

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 475958

Thêm vào giỏ

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu là đánh giá sự thay đổi về hình thái và đặc tính hóa học của đất ở các độ tuổi liếp trồng sầu riêng khác nhau. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện trong khoảng thời gian từ tháng 1 đến tháng 3 năm 2023. Ba độ tuổi liếp (12, 20, 31 năm) trồng sầu riêng đại diện cho vùng đồng bằng sông Cửu Long được khảo sát. Sau khi phân tầng và mô tả hình thái của phẫu diện đất, các tính chất hóa học như: pH, EC, chất hữu cơ, lân hữu dụng, đạm tổng số và cation trao đổi trong đất đã được phân tích và so sánh. Kết quả cho thấy, trong 3 phẫu diện đất trồng sầu riêng đất được chia thành 4 tầng chính: A, Ap, Bg, Cr ở độ sâu từ 0 - 2 m. Tuổi liếp càng cao (31 năm) có xu hướng suy giảm hàm lượng chất hữu cơ, CEC, đạm tổng số, lân hữu dụng, Ca và Mg trao đổi ở tầng đất canh tác (0 − 30 cm), dẫn đến gia tăng độ chua của đất (pH). Đối với tầng đất bên dưới (Ap, Bg, Cr), chưa có sự khác biệt về các đặc tính hóa học đất giữa các độ tuổi liếp khảo sát. Để giảm sự suy giảm về hàm lượng chất dinh dưỡng và hữu cơ trên tầng đất canh tác, nông dân trồng cây ăn trái nói chung và cây sầu riêng nói riêng nên bổ sung thêm phân hữu cơ và vôi. Ngoài ra, sự che phủ mặt liếp bằng cỏ dại, cây họ Đậu, hoặc rơm rạ cũng được xem là các biện pháp tối ưu để giảm sự rửa trôi các cation trao đổi và dinh dưỡng của đất do nước mưa hoặc nước tưới.The study was to evaluate change on soil morphological and chemical characteristics of three different raised-bed soil cultivated durian. The research was conducted in from January to March 2023. In this study, the age of three raised-bed soils, including 12, 20, 31 years old surveyed. These soil profiles were separated in the different horizons based on the morphology. Soil chemical properties, such as pH, EC, soil organic matter (SOM), available P (AP), total N (TN) and exchangeable cations were analyzed. Results showed that soil profiles were divided four different soil horizons, including A, Ap, Bg, Cr within from 0 to 2 m soil depth. Old raised-bed soil reduced significantly SOM, CEC, AP, TN and exchangeable Ca and Mg in the soil depth of 0 − 30 cm, bring to increase soil acidity. The soil chemical properties of the deeper soil horizons (Ap, Bg, Cr) were not affected by the age of raised-bed. Based on the results of previous studies, farmers should apply organic fertilizer and liming. In addition, soil conservation practices such as weed and leguminous cover cropping or rice straw mulching are considered as optimal strategies for reducing soil degradation and erosion in the topsoil.

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