Modern agriculture demands increasingly higher fertilizer doses to sustain crop productivity, raising concerns about nutrient loss and environmental impact. To address this challenge, this study explores the potential of biopolymer-based matrices for the controlled release of liquid fertilizers. The research focused on optimizing the matrix composition to minimize nutrient exchange and achieve a slower, sustained release of the encapsulated hydrolyzate. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal concentrations of sodium alginate (4% m/m), bentonite (6% m/m), and starch (2% m/m) were determined, ensuring a gradual hydrolyzate release with an absorbance reduction from 0.148 to 0.034 over time. The optimized matrix was evaluated under simulated agricultural conditions, where swelling capacity reached 69.41% of the initial dry mass after 48 h, and the biopolymer structures exhibited 52% biodegradation within 4 weeks. Leaching experiments revealed that the highest nutrient release occurred within the first 15-60 min, followed by a linear release trend up to 168 h, ensuring sustained fertilization. In vivo tests confirmed the effectiveness of the hydrogel matrix in early-stage plant development, showing an increase in stem length by up to 29% and fresh biomass by 46% compared to the control. The encapsulated hydrolyzate enabled the application of up to a 200% fertilizer dose without phytotoxic effects, a significant improvement over direct hydrolyzate application, which previously inhibited germination at doses as low as 20%. Elemental analysis demonstrated improved nutrient retention, with potassium and sulfur concentrations following a linear uptake trend in soil. This study aims to develop a sustainable, biopolymer-based fertilization system that enhances nutrient efficiency, prevents over-fertilization, and improves crop productivity. The findings provide a foundation for precision agriculture, offering a scalable solution for optimizing nutrient release and plant growth while reducing environmental impact.