Thực trạng kiến thức và thực hành dinh dưỡng trong bệnh đái tháo đường của bệnh nhân khoa bệnh máu lành tính có kèm theo tháo đường type 2 - Viện Huyết học Truyền máu Trung ương năm 2023=Knowledge and practice of nutrition in diabetes among patients with benign blood diseases associated with type 2 diabetes at National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion in 2023

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Tác giả: Thị Khoa Bùi, Thúy Quỳnh Chu, Thị Liễu Hoàng, Thị Hậu Nguyễn, Thị Thúy Nguyễn, Kim Dung Phan, Đức Vượng Trịnh

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Y học Việt Nam (Tổng hội Y học Việt Nam), 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.238-244

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 478243

Thêm vào giỏ

Nghiên cứu được tiến hành trên 126 bệnh nhân (BN) thuộc nhóm bệnh máu lành tính có kèm theo bệnh đái tháo đường (ĐTĐ), với mục tiêu tìm hiểu thực trạng kiến thức và đánh giá thực hành về dinh dưỡng trong bệnh ĐTĐ. Kết quả nghiên cứu: Đối tượng nghiên cứu đa số là hơn 60 tuổi, sống ở khu vực nông thôn và miền núi (63,5%). Có 11,9% số bệnh nhân có suy dinh dưỡng (BMI <
18,5) và 28,6% thừa cân/béo phì (BMI >
23). Số bệnh nhân phát hiện và điều trị ĐTĐ trước khi điều trị bệnh máu là 68,2%, tuy nhiên chỉ có 29,4% bệnh nhân có kiến thức đúng về nhận biết triệu chứng bệnh ĐTĐ. Có 98% bệnh nhân hiểu được chế độ ăn có liên quan mật thiết đến diễn biến bệnh ĐTĐ, nhưng tỷ lệ nhận biết về nhóm thực phẩm được khuyến nghị phù hợp cho bệnh ĐTĐ còn thấp. Về thực hành đúng nguyên tắc dinh dưỡng đạt >
50%. Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân có sử dụng khẩu phần ăn nhiều rau xanh, hạn chế các loại thịt nhiều chất béo, ăn hoa quả có chỉ số đường huyết thấp chỉ đạt 48%
một số các nguyên tắc khác như thứ tự ăn đúng cách (ăn rau đầu tiên, ăn cơm sau cùng) chỉ đạt 25,4%. Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân duy trì hoạt động thể lực là 53,2%, trong đó có 73% tập luyện >
30 phút/ngày. Bệnh nhân ăn uống theo chỉ định bệnh lý ĐTĐ chỉ đạt 11,9%. Có mối liên quan giữa một số yếu tố như: Trình độ học vấn, nghề nghiệp, nơi sống với kiến thức về bệnh ĐTĐ. Có mối liên quan giữa tình trạng kinh tế với thực hành lựa chọn và sử dụng sữa chuyên biệt cho bệnh nhân ĐTĐ.The study was conducted on 126 patients with benign blood diseases associated with diabetes, with the goal of understanding the current state of knowledge and evaluating practice on nutrition in Diabetes. Research results: Most of the study subjects were over 60 years old, living in rural and mountainous areas (63.5%). 11.9% of patients were malnourished (BMI <
18.5) and 28.6% were overweight/obese (BMI >
23). The number of patients who detected and treated diabetes before treating blood diseases was 68.2%, however only 29.4% of patients had correct knowledge about recognizing symptoms of diabetes. 98% of patients understand that diet is related to diabetes, but the rate of awareness of recommended food groups suitable for diabetes is low. Regarding correct practice of nutritional principles for diabetes, it reached >
50%. The proportion of patients consuming a diet rich in vegetables, limiting high-fat meats, and eating low-glycemic fruits was only 48%
adherence to other principles such as proper meal sequence was 25.4%. 53.2% of patients maintained physical activity, with 73% exercising more than 30 minutes per day. Only 11.9% of patients followed dietary recommendations specific to diabetes. There was a correlation between factors such as education level, occupation, and residence with diabetes knowledge. Economic status was related to practices regarding the choice and use of specialized milk for diabetic patients.

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