NGHIÊN CỨU CHẾ TẠO TẤM BẢO VỆ NHIỆT DÙNG TRONG CƠ KHÍ ĐÓNG TÀU ĐƯỢC LÀM TỪ VẬT LIỆU COMPSITE CỐT VẢI CACBON/NỀN PHENOLIC=RESEARCHING ON MANUFACTURING THE THERMAL PROTECTION PANELS FROM CARBON FABRICS/PHENOLIC COMPOSITES IN SHIPBUILDING

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Tác giả: Thị Thanh Vân Trần

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Công nghệ Hàng hải, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.51

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ID: 479736

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Currently, in the shipbuilding industry, there are many parts and equipment that work at high temperatures such as Marine steam boilers, exhaust valves, solid fuel rocket engines,... therefore, manufacturing the thermal protection panels is necessary. Under the effect of high temperature, hardness, durability, the resistance to corrosion and abrasion decreases, and the microstructure of these materials can be changed in molecular structure. Carbon fabric-reinforced phenolic composite material is a heat-protective material based upon the ablation mechanism, which has confirmed advantages thanks to its high heat resistance and char content, as well as keeping the char layer configuration to heat and erosion resistance. To make products from this material, it is necessary to use hot compressing process. On the basis of analyzing thermodynamic properties of hexamine cured phenolic resin, a series of experiments were performed to stabilize the production process. The products is manufactured and tested for satisfactory performance. The post-experiment technology regime recommends the following: The pressing temperature fluctuates around 1600°C, the pressing pressure ranges from 20 to 30 MPa, the pressing time depends on the gelation process, so it takes 30 minutes for gelation and 30 to 45 minutes for solidification.Hiện nay trong ngành Cơ khí Đóng tàu rất nhiều chi tiết và thiết bị làm việc ở nhiệt độ cao như nồi hơi dưới tàu thủy, xu-páp xả, động cơ tên lửa nhiên liệu rắn,… việc chế tạo các tấm bảo vệ nhiệt dùng trong chi tiết này để đáp ứng tốt điều kiện làm việc là rất cần thiết. Dưới tác dụng của nhiệt độ cao sẽ dẫn đến độ cứng, độ bền, khả năng chống ăn mòn và mài mòn giảm, thậm chí các tổ chức vật liệu có thể bị thay đổi về cấu trúc phân tử. Vật liệu composite cốt vải cacbon, nền nhựa phenolic là vật liệu bảo vệ nhiệt theo cơ chế tan mòn (ablation mechanism) đã khẳng định ưu thế nhờ có tính chịu nhiệt và hàm lượng cốc hóa cao, cũng như giữ cấu hình lớp cốc để chịu nhiệt và xói mòn. Để chế tạo sản phẩm từ vật liệu này cần dùng công nghệ ép tạo hình nóng. Trên cơ sở phân tích đặc tính nhiệt động học của nhựa phenolic/đóng rắn hexamin, đã tiến hành các thực nghiệm để ổn định công nghệ. Sản phẩm được chế tạo và thử nghiệm đạt yêu cầu làm việc. Chế độ công nghệ khuyến cáo sau thực nghiệm như sau: Nhiệt độ ép dao động trên dưới 1600C, áp lực ép dao động trong khoảng 20-30 (Mpa), thời gian ép phụ thuộc vào quá trình tạo gel nên lấy 30 phút và đóng rắn 30-45 (phút).

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