XÂY DỰNG BẢN ĐỒ THÍCH HỢP ĐẤT ĐAI CHO CÂY NÔNG NGHIỆP DÀI NGÀY TRÊN VÙNG ĐỆM VƯỜN QUỐC GIA TÀ ĐÙNG DỰA TRÊN VIỆC CHI TIẾT HÓA BẢN ĐỒ ĐƠN VỊ ĐẤT ĐAI VÀ QUY HOẠCH PHI TUYẾN

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Tác giả: Huy Bá Lê, Văn Việt Lương, Văn Hiệp Nguyễn, Châu Hiền Tôn

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Công Thương (Tên cũ: Tạp chí Khoa học Công nghệ và Thực phẩm), 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.3

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 479871

Thêm vào giỏ

Nghiên cứu này nhằm nâng cao độ chính xác và tính hiệu quả trong việc xây dựng bản đồ thích hợp đất đai cho một số cây nông nghiệp dài ngày dựa trên việc chi tiết hóa bản đồ đơn vị đất đai (LMU), phương pháp phân hạng thích hợp đất đai của FAO kết hợp với quy hoạch phi tuyến. Các lớp dữ liệu chính sử dụng để xây dựng LMU gồm loại đất, độ dày tầng đất hữu hiệu, độ dốc, đá lộ đầu, thành phần cơ giới và điều kiện tưới. Ngoài ra, để tăng độ chi tiết của LMU một lớp phụ được xây dựng dựa trên khoảng cách tới đường giao thông và trật tự Strahler của tiểu lưu vực. Từ bản đồ phân hạng thích hợp đất đai cho thấy cây cà phê có mức độ phù hợp không cao trên khu vực này, ngược lại mắc ca và sầu riêng là rất thích hợp và nên chuyển đổi một phần diện tích đất trồng cà phê sang các cây trồng này. Dựa trên phương pháp quy hoạch phi tuyến cùng các ràng buộc về diện tích các loại sử dụng đất, chi phí sản xuất và hàm mục tiêu là lợi nhuận hoặc tỷ số lợi ích và chi phí thì phần trăm diện tích sầu riêng, cà phê và xen canh cà phê với mắc ca được xác định lần lượt là 30%, 50% và 20%. Bản đồ định hướng sử dụng đất cũng cho thấy tính hiệu quả về kinh tế khi sử dụng tỷ lệ diện tích này, tuy có mức tăng về chi phí sản xuất khoảng 9% nhưng lãi thuần đã tăng trên 40%. Hiệu quả kinh tế tăng sẽ góp phần ổn định đời sống của người dân và hạn chế các tác động tiêu cực đến VGQ từ các hoạt động sinh kế.This study aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency in building land suitability maps for some perennial crops in the buffer zone of Ta Dung National Park based on the detailed land mapping unit (LMU), FAO's land suitability classification method combined with nonlinear planning. The main data layers used to build LMU include soil type, rock outcrops, soil texture, terrain slope, and irrigation conditions. To increase the granularity of the LMU, a sub-layer is built based on the distance to the road and the Strahler order of the sub-basin. Accoding to the land suitability classification, it shows that coffee has a low degree of suitability in this area, on the contrary, macadamia and durian are very suitable and need to convert part of the cultivated land coffee to these crops. With a land use plan determined based on nonlinear planning methods with constraints on area of land use types, production costs and objective function is profit or benefit-cost ratio, the area percentage of area of durian, coffee and intercropping of coffee with macadamia was determined to be 30%, 50% and 20% respectively. The land use plan map also shows the economic efficiency of these crop area ratios, although there is an increase in production costs of only 9% but net profit has increased by over 40%. Increased economic efficiency will contribute to stabilizing people's lives and limiting negative impacts on the landscape from livelihood activities.

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