Xây dựng kịch bản phát thải carbon gắn với quy hoạch sử dụng đất cho các khu đô thị mới tại Hà Nội=Developing the GHG inventory method for new urban areas in Hanoi associated with land use planning

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Tác giả: Thị Hương Giang Hoàng, Quỳnh Chi Lê

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Xây dựng, 2024

Mô tả vật lý: tr.142

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 479933

Thêm vào giỏ

Báo cáo đánh giá của Nhóm công tác I thuộc Ủy ban Liên Chính phủ về biến đổi khí hậu (IPCC) đưa ra vào đầu năm 2013 khẳng định rằng Biến đổi khí hậu (BĐKH) là một trong những thách thức lớn nhất của nhân loại. Nguyên nhân chính của BĐKH là do phát thải carbon từ các hoạt động sinh sống và sản xuất của con người. Khu vực đô thị, mặc dù chỉ chiếm 2% diện tích toàn cầu, lại chịu trách nhiệm tới 70% lượng phát thải carbon. Đô thị Việt Nam đang tăng trưởng với tốc độ nhanh chóng, với tỷ lệ đô thị hóa tăng từ 23,7% năm 1999 lên 40% vào năm 2020. Sự phát triển của các khu đô thị mới (KĐTM) đóng góp đáng kể vào quá trình đô thị hóa này, đặc biệt tại các đô thị lớn như Hà Nội. Đến năm 2020, cả nước có khoảng 2.500 dự án nhà ở đô thị và KĐTM đang triển khai, trong đó có 764 dự án KĐTM. Hà Nội dẫn đầu cả nước với 146 dự án KĐTM. Nếu tất cả các dự án này đi vào hoạt động, dân số tại các KĐTM ở Hà Nội sẽ là 2,8 triệu người, chiếm hơn 1/4 dân số toàn đô thị, đồng nghĩa với việccác KĐTM sẽ trở thành nơi tập trung phát thải lớn của Hà Nội. Hiện nay, Hà Nội đã đặt mục tiêu đến năm 2025: lượng phát thải carbon giảm 12,14% so với mức phát thải năm 2025 khi không cócác biện pháp giảm phát thải carbon (khoảng 6,68 triệu tấn CO2)
Đến năm 2030: lượng phát thải carbon giảm 18,71% so với mức phát thải năm 2030 khi không có các biện pháp giảm phát thải carbon (khoảng 13,76 triệu tấn CO2). Tuy nhiên, công tác kiểm kê KNK mới chỉ được thực hiện cho toàn thành phố, hoặc tại các cơ sở sản xuất và một số công trình cụ thể, mà chưa được thực hiện tại các KĐTM. Do đó, chưa thể xác định rõ các nguồn phát thải và hấp thụ cũng như đánh giá mức độ phát thải của các KĐTM này để đưa ra các giải pháp cụ thể, nhằm đóng góp vào mục tiêu giảm phát thải chung của toàn thành phố. Trong Kế hoạch hành động ứng phó với biến đổi khí hậu của ngành Xây dựng giai đoạn 2022-2030, tầm nhìn 2050, Việt Nam cam kết tại COP26 rằng đến năm 2030, 25% các KĐTM sẽ đạt tiêu chí khu đô thị xanh, phát thải carbon thấp, và tỷ lệ này sẽ tăng lên 50% vào năm 2050. Tuy nhiên, ngành Xây dựng vẫn chưa xây dựng các chỉ tiêu đánh giá thế nào là KĐTM carbon thấp, cũng như chưa có hướng dẫn kiểm kê, đánh giá, giám sát phát thải carbon cho các KĐTM. Nhận thấy các KĐTM có đặc tính khác với các khu dân cư trong đô thị, tác giả bài báo đã kết hợp các chỉ tiêu kỹ thuật quy định trong các Tiêu chuẩn, Quy chuẩn liên quan đến quy hoạch với khảo sát đặc điểm sử dụng đất của các KĐTM tại Hà Nội để đề xuất một phương pháp xây dựng kịch bản phát thải carbon cho các KĐTM ngay từ bước lập quy hoạch. Trong bài báo này, tác giả đã kết hợp các chỉ tiêu kỹ thuật được quy định trong các Tiêu chuẩn, Quy chuẩn liên quan đến quy hoạch với việc khảo sát đặc điểm sử dụng đất của các KĐTM tại Hà Nội. Mục tiêu là đề xuất một phương pháp xây dựng kịch bản phát thải carbon cho các KĐTM tại Hà Nội ngay từ bước lập quy hoạch. Từ khóa: Carbon thấp
khu đô thị mới
quy hoạch đô thị
phát triển bền vững
kiểm kê KNK
sử dụng đất.The assessment report of Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released in early 2013 affirmed that climate change is one of humanity's biggest challenges. The main cause of climate change is carbon emissions from human living and production activities. Urban areas, although only 2% of the global area, are responsible for 70% of carbon emissions. Vietnam's urban areas are growing at a rapid pace, with the urbanization rate increasing from 23.7% in 1999 to 40% in 2020. The development of new urban areas (KDTM) contributes significantly into this urbanization process, especially in large cities like Hanoi. By 2020, the country has about 2,500 urban housing and new urban area projects being implemented, including 764 new urban area projects. Hanoi leads the country with 146 new urban area projects. If all of these projects come into operation, the population of new urban areas in Hanoi will be 2.8 million people, accounting for more than 1/4 of the entire city population, meaning that new urban areas will become the major emissions of Hanoi. Currently, Hanoi has set a goal by 2025: carbon emissions reduce by 12.14% compared to 2025 emissions without carbon emission reduction measures (about 6.68 million tons of CO2)
By 2030: carbon emissions will decrease by 18.71% compared to 2030 emissions without carbon emission reduction measures (about 13.76 million tons of CO2). However, GHG inventory has only been carried out for the city level, or at production facilities and some specific projects, but has not been implemented in new urban areas level. Therefore, it is not possible to clearly identify emission and carbon sink of these new urban areas, as well as assess the emission levels to provide specific solutions to contribute to the overall emission reduction goal of Hanoi. In the Action Plan to respond to climate change of the Construction Ministry for the period 2022-2030, vision 2050, Vietnam committed at COP26 that by 2030, 25% of new urban areas will meet the criteria of green urban areas, low carbon emissions, and this rate will increase to 50% by 2050 [4]. However, the Construction Ministry has not yet developed criteria to evaluate what low carbon urban areas are, nor are there any guidelines for inventorying, evaluating, and monitoring carbon emissions for new urban areas. Realizing that new urban areas have different characteristics from other urban residential areas, the author of the article combined the technical criteria specified in Vietnam National Standards and Regulations related to planning with a survey of land use characteristics of the new urban areas in Hanoi to propose a method to build carbon emission scenarios for new urban areas right from urban planning step. The goal is to propose a method to estimate carbon emission for new urban areas in Hanoi right from the planning step. Keywords: Low carbon
New urban area
Neighborhood
Urban planning
sustainable development
GHG inventory
land use.

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